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-.■ :1IK*^ ^^ -^^ °-yW' /\ '-^P/ ^^ "^ ^-W^*' 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1871, by 

JOHN W. MASURY, 

in the Oflace of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C, 



J. Read, Steam Job Printer, 116 Fulton St., New York. 



o . 2- 9 A^ ^ 



.d' 




5HS 



J 



e-oii^^^^^iom. 



OF ALL THE COLORS USED IN CARRIAGE WORK 

ALSO 

'p7'acHcal Jlints and Directions as to the :Sest 
Mode of Applying the same ; 

AND 

THE PROEPOETIONS POE MAKING THE BEST GEOUNDWOEK 
FOE LAKES AND OAEMINES. 

With other Pseful and General Information. 

THE RESULT OF 



25 f arsi' irartiat (^v^txmxu \\\ tite iaiut -^ 




Published by JOHN W. MASUBY. 






'^^ 4^ 



Successor to MASURY & WHITON, 

Manufacturer of White Lead, Zinc Paints, Painters' Fine 
Colors, and Superfine Colors, 

PEEPAEED ESPECIALLY 

J^Ol^ COACMAJV^ CASnioiGS^ 'PAIJVT^^JnS, 

Ornameiital and Car Woi'k;. 




SOLE MANUTACTUEEE OF 



The Eeady Made Colors known as Eailroad Paints. 

: 1 111 FOLTON STREET, NEW YORK, 



EZST-A-BLISIilEJID 1835- 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Adulteration of Paints .• . . . 83 

Burnt Umber ... 20 

Burnt Sienna 25 

Best Kubbing Varnish. 39 

Best Brushes 34 

Carmine No. 40, Light 112 

Carmine No. 40, Deep 108 

Car-Body Color 125 

Care and Attention 126 

Carmine Lake .' 88 

Scouring the Body 27 

Second Coat of Black on Body 39 

Second Lead Coat on Carriage 43 

Care of Brushes, etc 55 

Coach-Painters' Green, Light 56 

Coach-Painters' Green, Dark 60 

Chrome YeUow, Lemon , 68 

Chrome Yellow, Deep Orange 72 

Coach Painting, a Fine Art 79 

Crimson Lake, American Deep 80 

Crimson Lake, English Deep 84 

Difficulties in Grinding Colors 91 

Depth and Brilliancy of Colors 122 

Economy of Ground Colors 95 

English Vermilion, Light 48 

English Vermilion, Deep 52 

First, Second and Third Coats of Eoughstuff 23 

Fine Sandpapering Body 31 

First Coat Color on Body 31 

First Coat Eubbing Varnish 39 

First Coat Color on Carriage 47 

First Coat Varnish on Carriage 47 

Finishing Coat of Varnish 51 

Finishing Coat of Varnish on Body 55 

Guide Coat 23 

Good-bye 130 



CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

How to Paint a Carriage 11 

How to make Best Job in Black 119 

How Varnish changes Colors 119 

Introduction 5 

Ivory Jet Black 8 

Ivory Black, Superfine 12 

Indian Bed 36 

Importance of Fine Colors 35 

Importance of Ground Colors 87 

Ivory Surface Enamel White 127 

Munich Lake 92 

Masury's New Green 116 

New Method of Carriage Painting 63 

Naples Yellow, Light 64 

Priming Coat on Body and Carriage, 15-19 

Puttying Carriage 27 

Patent Wood Filling 67 

Purple Lake, English 96 

Pitting of Varnish 99-104 

Eaw Umber 16 

Eoyal Bed 32 

Second Lead Coat on Body 23 

Striping ditto 51 

Striping Carriage 27 

Scarlet Lake. English Light 101 

Scarlet Lake. English Deep 104 

Story of the Man who kicked the Lamb 103 

Third Coat on Body 23 

Tuscan Red 40 

Trials and Perplexities Ill 

Testimonials 117 

Work resumed on Carriage Parts 43 

Washing — Care required 51 

Washing Body after finishing 55 

Wood-Filling — How to use it 71-75 

" Ways that are Dark" 115 

Waste of Paint 123 

What do we buy ? 124 

Very Dark Green 120 

Yellow Lake, Glazing 76 



( 5 ) 



To CarwB and Car Paiiters, Greetii. 



Offering to the Trade this Book of Samples, with hints and 
directions, we think it not unreasonable to ask of those into 
whose hands it may come, a proper appreciation of the large 
outlay of time and money necessary to its production — its 
entire novelty and general utility. The inventor has succeeded 
where hundreds have failed ! The attempts to produce ground 
colors of an impalpable fineness, together with the indispensa- 
ble property of drying quickly and flatting perfectly, have not 
heretofore met with any measure of success; and this want of 
success has been due to the absence of machinery perfectly 
adapted to the desired end. The writer, after many years of 
experimental trials, has produced a machine whereby the fric- 
tion — necessary to the pulverizing to absolute fineness of the 
hard, unyielding substances of which many of the pigments 
are composed- — is possible, without the heating, which has 
always heretofore been an accompaniment of the process. The 
remedy was simple and natural, and we may wonder that the 
appUcation was not made until this late day. It consists 
merely in applying cold water to the grinding surfaces of the 
miU in such a way that the running stream shall carry off the 
heat which must come from extreme friction, and which must 



D GREETING CONCLUDED. 

otherwise be imparted to the materials subjected to the process 
of grinding. The difficulty of heating being obviated, there 
remained only to ascertain by experiment what certain vehicles 
are best suited to wet and to keep in a useable form the 
various kinds of pigments employed in the operation of coach 
and carriage painting; because of the fact that what are en- 
tirely suited to some paints are quite as unsuited to others, 
and the indispensable property of drying quicklj'^ could not for 
a moment be lost sight of. These experiments have been 
costly, both in time and money, to say nothing of consequent 
vexations and disappointments; but the entire success which 
has crowned our labors has in no small degree repaid the ex- 
penditure, and it is with entire confidence we offer to the 
Trade, our ground colors, samples of which — imperfect, of 
course, from the nature of the material on which they are 
painted — we herewith present. As each color will be accompa- 
nied with a full description of its peculiar properties, with 
suggestions as to the best mode of applying, both as to 
ground-work and finish, it is deemed superfluous to attempt 
a general description of the same, except to assure all consum- 
ers that we offer them colors in a shape best suited to the re- 
quirements of the Trade. The hints and directions we think 
may prove lessons to some, atid we trust the most skillful 
craftsman may recognize the truth and importance of what we 
have said in the pages of this little book 

JOHN W. MASUEY. 

New York, January, 1871. 



Successor to MASURY & WHITON, 

Manufacturer of White Lead, Zinc Paints, Painters' Fine 
Colors, and Superfine Colors, 

PKEPARED ESPECIALLY 

J^O'JR COACITAA'D CA:R:RIAGIJ T:^IJV'2\EnS, 
Ornameiital and. Oar Work. 




SOLE MANUFACTUEEE OF 



The Eeady Made Colors known as Eailroad Paints. 



1. Ill FDLTON STEEET NEW YOBK. 



E3ST-A.BLISia:E:i3 1835. 



Cosicli FaimteFs'- BuiperiiMe (Jet) Iwmj 



This color we place Urst on the list, because it holds the 
most important place among the var ious pigments in the car- 
riage paint shop, bjlng more used Insjjnishii.g coats than all 
the other paints. 

It may be said of this black that beside it all the other 
blacks are gray. It is ground to such a degree of fineness that 
a single coat, applied with a soft brush, will perfectly cover a 
surface of the finest French white china or porcelain Avithout in 
the slightest degree roughening the same. It Avill dry ready 
for varnish in about half an hour, and some of the most skillful 
coach painters in New York, and elsewhere, have declared that 
its working under the brush is a perfect charm. Its economy 
over black produced in the paint shop is not a question. 

This Black is put. up iji our patent cans in [quantities of one 
pound and upward,. Slifi^ jyill keep soft and fre^h for any length 
of time, even after bteJ^g opened, if kept covered from the air. 

Price per pound in assorted cans, - - - - .50 
" " " " 100 lb lots, large, do. - .45 

N. B. — This color will dry ready for varnish in half an hour 
or less when thinned with clear turpentine. By using a por- 
tion of raw oil it may, of course, be made slow to suit the work. 






Prepared Especially for Poach and Carriage Paintee 
AND Ornamental and Par )Vork. 




Coach Painters' Superfine Ivory (Jet) Black. 



VALENTINE'S VARNISHES. 

The American Institute Fair, at their thirty-ninth annual display 
of 1870, gave to Valentine's Vaknishes the award of ' ' Honorable 
Mention." The value of this award is explained in the judges' re- 
port, thus: "The Honorable Mention award is in most cases in- 
tended to indicate that the article so praised marks an important step 
forward in the discovery of things generally useful. " In the report of 
the Committee on Paints and Varnishes, they add: " These var- 
nishes, for body, brilliancy and durability, are the best, in our judg- 
ment, ever manufactured in this country." 

VajjEntine & Co. have labored long and perseveringly to improve 
the manufacture of coach varnishes, and to compete with the im- 
ported article by an American varnish equally good ; and they are 
now able to offer a sufficient guarantee that this result has been ac- 
complished. The fact is beginning to be generally accepted, and 
the report of the American Institiite is confirmed daily by "honor- 
able mentions " awarded them by practical carriage painters located 
in all parts of the United States. The general expression of their 
report is this : ' ' Valentine's Coach Varnishes are fully eqiia-l to the best 
imported in every respect." VALENTINE & CO., 

88 Chambeks Stkeet, New York. 




A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Carriage Building. 

Address: EDITOR OF THE HUB, 
88 Chambers Street, New York. 

In March, 1871, " The Hub " and the " New York Coachmakers' 
Magazine " will be combined, forming a Magazine of 24 pages. It 
will be divided into the following departments : 1. Wood Shop ; 2. 
Smith Shop ; 3. Paint Shop ; 4. Trimming Shop ; 5. Ofiice ; 6. 
Correspondence; 7. Trade News. Price, ^3.00 per year, beginning 
with April, 1871. 

10 



( 11 ) 



■ Mow to PsLiMt SI CarriEge, 

There are many ways of proceeding to the same objective 
point; and doctors even will disagree as to tlie proper mode of 
treating the same symptoms. Coach painters can hardly be 
supposed to be more unanimous than M.D.'s, particularly when 
the latter fraternity are leagued by all sorts of oaths and bonds 
not to affiliate or hold consultation with a School of Medicine, 
which proposes to kill — or cure — by some irregular method. 

No doubt some of my fellow craftsmen will see a better 
road than I propose to travel to reach the same point; which is, 
a well painted job in every respect. 

. The writer does not belong with that class which takes for 
granted, that a thing is good because it is new; nor with those 
who cling to a time honored custom, simply for the reason that 
the same is sanctioned by long use ; nor, with those who believe 
that any particular theory or mode of procedure includes all 
that is good and avoids all which is bad. 

The prejudices of craftsmen are difficult to meet and hard 
to overcome. One clings to a system and dogmatically pro- 
nounces it best, simply because he has never tried any other 
and he hates innovation. Another readily adopts, or tries, all 
suggested improvements, and becomes an innovator because of 
the charms and excitements of novelty. As a rule the first will 
win in the race : but the second is useful in his day and genera- 
tion. 

Without attempting to trace the progress of improvement 

[Cnntinued on page 15. 



( 12 ) 

This color is made from the best English Drop Black, and 
is ground equally fine with the " Jet " described in the forego- 
ing page. All the remarks applied there to the "Jet" Black 
are equally applicable to this, as to drying, ease of working, 
etc. It is put up in the same way, and is sold — 

Assorted cai^s, ------ 45 cts. per lb. 

100 ft LOT^, LARGE CANS, - - - 40 " " " 

The samj^le shown on the opposite page was painted by the 
following processi: About four o'clock, p. M.,,a coat of Black, 
thinned with tui|pentine and a very small quqjntity of raw oil, 
was applied to wrapping paper, stretched on U wooden frame. 
At 10| on the following morning, the rough surface of the sheet 
was rubbed with fine sand paper, and another coat of black, 
thinned with clear turpentine, was a^Dplied. In two hours this 
was ready for varnish. 



This Black will be found superior, both- in fineness and 
color, to any of the JMaiCks in common use. ' For drying see 
remarks above. Pri(^i^.^' ^. ^'^', 

- - - - 40 cts. per lb. 

100 ft LOTS, LARGE CANS, - - - 35 " " " 



Assorted cans;" 



This Black has been sold by us for the past twenty years, 
and is too well-known among consumers to require a particular 
description. 



f^' 



■gMperfflne ^olori 



Prepared ^specially for Coach and Parriage Painters, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND pAR 'NA^'ORK. 




Coach Painters' Superfine Ivory Black. 



MURPHY & COMPANY, 



53 & 55 Oliver Street, 



FMICE LIST 



Of th«ir Goods adapted to the uses of CAKMIAGE BTIIIjDEItS and 

kjliijWay companies. 

WEARING BODY, For Outside Finishing. $5 75 

This Varnisli is very pale, of the freest working properties, and 
has unequalled durability. It is especially adapted for last coats on 
exteriors of Railway Cars and Coach Bodies, where the greatest dura- 
bility is required. In the cooler months it can be employed with 
safety in all ordinary shops. 

MEDIUM DRYING BODY, For Outside Finishing. - - - $5 75 

This Varnish is fully equal to our Wearing Body in paleness and 
working properties, and is intended for use on all work requiring 
moderate dispatch, when time cannot be given for our Wearing Body 
to harden, especially during the summer months. This Varnish is 
also employed with great satisfaction for last coats on Engines. 

HARD DRYING BODY, For Under Coats, &c. - - - - $5 00 

This Varnish is also equal to our Wearing Body in paleness and 
freedom of working, and is mainly intended for under coats, for pre- 
paring a surface of great durability for our finishing Varnishes. It is 
also used with great satisfaction for last coats on interiors of Cars, 
giving a brilliant and durable finish. 

RUBBING BODY, For Under Coats. $4 50 

A pale Varnish sufficiently free in its working properties to permit 
its employment on the largest panels. It is intended for under coats, 
where moderate dispatch is desirable. 

ELASTIC CARRIAGE, For Last Coats on Running Parts. - $5 00 

An Elastic Varnish of great durability, intended for finishing coats 
on running parts of fine carriages. 

HARD DRYING CARRIAGE, For Last Coats on Running Parts. $4 50 

This Varnish has heavy body and is intended for use on running 
parts where it is desired to finish with one coat on flat color. It is also 
a very desirable Varnish for use on old work. 

COACH MAKERS' JAPAN, For Binding and Hardening Paints. $2 00 

A Superior dryer for Coach and Car Painters' uses. It is made 
from finest Shellac and will mix readily \ni\x oil. 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 



15 



in vehicular constructioB, from the rude log-wheel carts of the 
ancients to the graceful and elegant vehicles of the present day, 
it may be asserted without fear of contradiction, that there are 
few things in our advanced civilization and refinement which 
are more attractive, which combine more fully the useful and 
the beautiful, than the gracefully modeled, luxurious and com- 
fortable carriages which are turned out from the first-class city 
and country manufactories. 

To paint a carriage in the highest style of the art requii-es 
a judgment matured, an eye to appreciate combinations and 
contrasts, and a hand cunning and skillful to execute and per- 
form. In nothing more than this, is it true, that practice alone 
makes perfect. Written rules and dii-ections are valuable only 
as hints and suggestions, which, if properly heeded and carried 
into practice, may lead to the correction of errors, which exist 
because of the want of proper instructions. As well might one 
expect to educate the ear to harmonious combinations of sounds 
by a treatise on musical composition, as to teach the art of 
painting by mere words. Yet, while the finished workman 
needs no written rules, there are many throughout our country, 
living remote from the great centers of poj)ulation, who i^rofess 
and practice the art of carriage painting, without the ojDportu- 
nity of perfecting themselves in the higher branches of the pro- 
fession. In the hope that to such, our directions may prove of 
practical benefit, we proceed to give the mode of proceeding in 
the old method of carriage painting. Of the new and shorter 
method we shall treat hereafter. 

As the priming, or first coating of the new wood, initiates 

[Contintied on page 19. 



( 16 



Maw l[Jmt)©F, 

This pigment is a native ochre, and occurs in the island of 
Cyprus. It is known in the Trade as Turkey Umber, although 
a great portion of '''■^ T'-'ibt 'oM in IhiLi m'L,rkct is a native pro- 
duct. Crenuine Tui key Umber is a soft, br wr pigment, trans- 
parent in oil, and f bourrling in manganese, from the presence 
of which it derives i1:' di-ying property. l!: h one of the most 
useful colors in the oi 'ck nf the house pa.intor, and is much used 
in graining, and i' ; x^tliiciiig, villi white, pu;e quaker drabs 
and browns. With blue, it affords a good nei^tral green, very 
permanent. 

st'tuto for tliis pigment ieems to possess 
s ot the genuixie arUde, except a resem- 



The Americar 
none of the propC; 
blance in color. 

In assor' 



.oi..'., i ?l> udL. upward, ?5 cts. 



Raw Umber, > 
soft, delicate shi 



die a\iJ ,. A'Ae Cluvnne Yellow, makes 
. j.Mvvi.ih Jral). 



N. B. We grind the genume article only, and purchasers 
may depend on getting the best of its kind, under all circum- 



'^MpeFlfiM© ^^(Ol©FS, 



Prepared ^specially for Coach and Parriage j^aintei^s, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND PaR '^ORK. 












..mm 



Superfine Raw Umber. 



ESTABLISHED 1837. 



<y "^"" ^O 



SMITH & STRATTON. 



Manufacturers of 



VARNISHES 

No. 161 William Street, 



Edward Smith, 
John A. Elmendorf. 



Wearing Body, /^^^^ ^^\ ^^^ Body, 

Rubbing do. H^ ^\\ Do. Rubbing, 

p lo27. • 

Color & Varnish, \, jj Do. Flowing, 

V T? QJ / 
Brown Japan. ^=====1===*=^ Gold Size. 

TKADF, MABK. 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 19 

the operation, that simple process requires a word or two at the 
start. First, as to what shall be the material used ; and second, 
how to apply it ; and these are important questions, as the 
durability of the job depends in no small degree on the sound- 
ness of the initiatory proceedings. It will not be denied that 
whatever material adheres most tenaciously to the wood, best 
resists the changes of temperature, dryness and dampness, and 
wear and tear is the best, whether it be white lead and raw oil, 
or boiled oil or Japan on wood-filling, or any other substance. 
(Of the use of permanent wood-filling we design to speak more 
at length by and by. ) 

To mix the priming coat, thin a small quantity of ground 
white lead with raw linseed oil, adding a few ( say two or three ) 
spoonsful of Japan or Japan gold-size, for a dryer, and enough 
turpentine to make the paint work easily. Apply an even 
coat of this paint with an ordinary bristle paint brush, taking 
care to work the color well into the nail heads, crevices and cor- 
ners of the body, wheels, and carriage part. After the body 
has stood for four days for drying, the carriage part being mean- 
while in the blacksmith's shop, undergoing the process of iron- 
ing, mix color for second coat as follows : dry white lead mixed 
stiff in Japan and raw oil, equal parts, and ground through the 
mill. Thin to proper consistency, with turpentine, and apply 
with an evenly worn brush, taking care to work the color down 
smoothly. This coat should stand four days for drying, and 
hardening; after this, fill all the holes, crevices, chinks and im- 
perfections in the wood, with hard putty, made thus : white 
lead three parts, whiting one part, wet Avith a mixture of two 

[Continued nn page 23. 



( 20 ) 



Eiiimt IJmlber. 

To produce this iiiost important pigment, the crude Umber 
is put in iron retorts, and subjected to a heat more or less 
intense. The result is the changing of the tone of color to a 
very much deeper and more red brown. The drying property 
is also increased by burning. No color in the stock of the 
painter is better known and appreciated than this. It is much 
used for graining and for producing, with white, warm clear 
browns and stone colors. It is transparent and permanent. 
The Umber pigments require to be very carefully prepared and 
finely ground, as it is only by reducing them to the last degree 
of fineness that they show their real colors. 

In assorted cans, 1 ft and upward, "W ft, 35 cts. 

This color Avill dry in about two hours. 



Burnt Umber, with White and Orange Chrome Yellow, will 
give a variety of shades of clear, warm drabs. 

Burnt Umber, with White and Lemon Chrome Yellow and 
Scarlet Lake, will give a rich shade of tan color. 



Prepared Especially for Poach and Parriage Paintei^s, 

AND QrNAMENTAL AND QaR WoRK. 


1 








\ 

i 
1 
1 

i 
1 




Superfine Burnt Umber. 





HE RAILROAD f AZETTE. 

A Journal of Transportation, Engineering and Railroad News. 



Devoted to the Discussion of Subjects Connected with 
the Business of Transportation, and the Dis- 
semination of Railroad News. 



IlUistrateil Descriptions of EngiDeerlng WorKs and Railroad lacliiiiery and Rolling StocK. 

Contributions front Practical Railroad Men, on the Business of Railroading, 



A ©@)mpl©t© K©©@ii @t Salte@M W©wi:e 



NEW ORGANIZATIONS. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS. 

PROGRESS OF NEW ROADS. TRAFFIC AND EARNINGS. 

ELECTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS. LAKE AND RIVER NAVIGATION. 

RAILROAD LAW. RAILROAD MANUFACTURES. 

The Oream of the American and European Technical Periodicals. • 



Am Impsirtlal smi iMiepeMieait JoefbsiI, 

YsiiiLialble to Everj Esialroai Mae, 



XE:I^3VES OIF STJBSCI^II'TIOKr : 

Single copy, per annum, - - - - $4 00 I Eight copies, per anmun, and one to 
ThrPB copies, per annum, - . - - 11 00 | the person who gets up the club, $30 00 

Advanck payment is required. 

Canada Subsckibebs, twenty-five cents additional. 

Advertising Rates will be made known on application. 

Address— 

A. N. KELLOaG, Publislier, 

101 Washington Street, Chicago, 
22 



HOW TO PAINT A CAEEIAGE. 23 

parts linseed oil, two parts varnish, and one part Japan or gold- 
size. When filling the screw-heads and other hollows, allow the 
putty to stand a little above the surrounding parts ; that is, the 
holes should be more than full to allow for any possible shrink- 
ing. All open-gi-ained wood, as ash, must be ^ filled with soft 
putty, made of white lead wet with equal parts varnish and 
Japan, using a square-pointed putty knife; care must be taken 
to fill all the pores of the wood, and thoroughly remove all su- 
perfluous material from the sui'face. Let the body stand three 
days; at the end of which, apply the second lead coat, mixed 
dry lead in three parts Japan and one part oil; mix stiff, re- 
duce with turpentine, and apply as before. Observe that care 
should be taken to spread every coat evenly, whether it be lead, 
roughstuff or color. This should stand three days before the 
application of the third and last lead coat, which should be 
mixed dry lead, wet with foiu' parts Japan and one part oil. 
After two days (four is better if not pressed for time), the body 
is ready for roughstuff. "VVe can suggest no better mode of 
mixing roughstuff than the following, viz. : Two parts English 
fiUing, two parts diy white lead, wet with mixture of two parts 
varnish and one part each Japan, oil and gold-size. Make into 
stiff paste and reduce with turpentine to proper consistency for 
spreading with a well-worn brush This should be allowed two 
days for hardening before the application of the second coat, 
which should be mixed in one-half the quantity of oil used in 
the first coat. The following day the third coat, in which no 
oil should be used, may be applied, and again the next day, the 
fourth coat, which should be mixed the same as the third coat ; 

[Continued on page 27, 



( 24: 



Bieimsi, 

Terr a-de- Sienna is a ferruginous native j)ignient of yellow 
brown hue, producing, with white, bright sunny tints. That 
known in comme:' '^ ii9. Italian Sienna, is the most esteemed, 
and is, in fact, the only article bearing the name of Sienna 
which possesses any real value as a pigment for fine painting. 
The so-called American Siennas are vastly inferior, both in 
color and transparency. Crude or Eaw Sienna, when sub- 
jected to a high degree of heat, loses its yellow complexion and 
takes on a deep, clear brown-red hue, retaining, at the same 
time, all the transparency of the unburnt material. It is an 
invaluable pigment, and is extensively used in every depart- 
ment of painting. By admixture with Eo "n, or Yellow 
Ochre, or Raw Sienna, or any other transpa 3II0W, and 

Antwerp or Indigo Blue, it affords fine Olive Greens. 

Burnt Siennu is fi rich, transparent bro^vn orange. It has 
strong coloring pr< erties, and is permanent to the last degree. 

Price, ^ lb. in 1 and 2 lb. cans, - - 37 cts. 

N. B. — Raw and Burnt Sienna are both the same price. 



'^niperfflB© ^olors. 



Prepared ^specially for Poach and Parriage J^aintei^s, 
AND Ornamental and Par 'J^^ork. 




Superfine Burnt Sienna. 



COACH-MAKERS' 



lmtesaati®aal ^ Jtmsaal, 

jionihlg ipublicatton, 



DEVOTED to the INTERESTS of the TRADE. 
Office: 41 I Chestnut Street. 




Plates of the Latest Styles of Carriages, 

Price Current of Carriage Materials, 

Explanations of the System of Drafting, &c. 

NAME PLATES MADE TO ORDER. 

Bill Meads, Envelopes, and all kinds of Printing done 
neatly at this Office. 

Large Office Charts, $1 each. Business Charts to Order. 

ADVERTISING OUTS, LATEST STYLES, ALWAYS ON HAND. 
Terms— $3.00 per Tear, in advance. Single Copies, 35 cts. each. 

4®- Send all Moneys by Postal Order or Draft, when possible ; if not, by 
Registered Letter. 

I. D. WARE, PubUsher. 

p. O. Box, 2769, Philadelphia. 

26 



HOW TO PAESTT A CARRIAGE. 27 

that is, without oil. The roughstufl' should, of course, be 
ground finely through the mill, as should all the other mixtures, 
into which dry lead enters as one of the compont-nt parts. The 
last coat of roughstuff should be followed by the guide coat, 
of French yellow ochre, mixed in Japan and turpentine. 

The body ]nay now go to the smiths to be hung up. That 
done, the wood-worker should smooth up all places where the 
beds may project over the axles, put on bands, etc. The paint- 
ing process should now be resumed by priming the iron work, 
which should stand two or three days to dry. While the car- 
riage is hardening the scouring of the body may be proceeded 
with. This should be done by an experienced hand, as great 
care is required to prevent the pumice-stone from cutting- 
through the successive coats of paint to the wood. The lump 
of pumice stone should be kept well filed, and plenty of water 
should be used to prevent the pores of the stone from becoming 
clogged with the paint. This process should be continued un- 
til none of the guide coat is left; and being completed, the body 
should be washed off with clean, cold water, using the water 
tool for corners and all places where the particles removed from 
the surface by the action of the pumice stone is apt to collect. 
The body may now be left to dry for twenty-four hours, and 
work resumed on the carriage parts. First, cut down tho- 
roughly every part with No. 2 sand paper, dust off and apply 
lead coat, mixed as follows, and ground finely through the mill: 
dry white lead, in equal parts of Japan and raw oil, reduced 
with turpentine. Judgment is required in the application of 
this coat, because if the paint be too thin, the pores of the 

[Continued on page 31. 



This useful pigment is a bituminous earth of vegetable 
origin. The most valuable kinds are found in Germany. The 
color is very rich, deep, transparent brown. It is a favorite 
color with many artists, and is used by the house j^ainter mostly 
for graining. It is of no value unless very finely ground. Pow- 
erful dryers should be used for grinding it, as it is of all known 
materials the worst color to dry. It is clear in its j)ale tints, and 
deep and glowing in shadows. Very permanent. 

With white, it gives a clear, warm gray, of a tint which no 
other single color, with white, will produce. 

Price, IP lb, in assorted cans, 1 lb and upward, 45 cts. 



Silver White, or White Lead, with Yellow Lake, or Dutch 
Pink, with a little Lemon Chrome Yellow, will give a very rich 
shade of ohve drab or amber color. 



Preparkd Especially for Coach and Carriage PAiNTEPf 
AND Ornamental and Car ^ork. 




Superfine Van Dyke Brown. 



STORE, FACTORY, 

26 Barclay Street. 20 5f 22 Commerce Street. 



H. W. GEAR <&; CO., 

(M. Knoedleb, C. p. Staab, H. W. Gear.) 
IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 

ARTISTS' MATERIALS, 

MANUFACTUREKS OF ARTISTS' 

Tube Colors, Canvass Brushes, etc., 

ALSO, 

®p8stlj© VarBiblij gpyisBtegg §a)sEit@@l§j 

AND ALL KINDS OF 

Camel Hair, Bear Hair, Fitch, Badger and Sable Brushes 
and Pencils, for Coach Painters, etc. 

ALL. GOODS WARRANTED. 

FULL SUPPLY OF WINSOR & NEWTON'S MATERIALS. 



Wax Sheets, and Materials for Wax Flowers. 



Our Artists' Colors are prepared with great care, and tbe following testimonial from 
leading artisi s is a guarantee of their superiority : 

New York, April 1st, 1867. 
We, the undersigned, are happy to say that we have used, for the past two years, the 
Artists' Oil Colors prepared by Messrs. H. W. Gear & Co., which give us co 
satisfaction. 

Frederick E. Church, C. L. Elliott, 8. R. Gipfokd, 

Regis Gignoux, J. F. Kensett, M. F. H. de Haas, 

James M. Hart, W. Whittredge, Alanson 

E. Leutze, William Hart, 

30 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 31 

wood will remain untiUed ; and if too thick it cannot be spread 
evenly. Apply with bristle paint brush, working the paint well 
into the wood. 

This coat should stand at least four days for hardening; 
but, in the mean time, it would be well to soft-putty the rims, 
faces of spokes, and all the flat surfaces of the carriage part. 
Putty for this work should be made of dry white lead, wet with 
equal parts of oil, Japan and varnish, using a square-bladed 
putty knife; work the filling well into the grain of the wood, 
taking care not to allow any to remain on the surface, because 
any loose particles not removed, will crumble and fall away after 
the carriage has been for a time in use. 

Eeturning again to the body jDart, work is resumed on that 
by going lightly over the whole surface, with the very finest 
sandpaper used for such work. Particular pains must be taken 
to clean out all the corners; and, should any imperfection be 
discovered, any holes or crevices remain unfilled, the same must 
be stopped with quick-putty, and the body will be ready for 
color. 

It is proposed to dispense vrith the old, and it seems to us, 
unnecessary custom, of going over the work again with what 
is called the surface lead coat. 

It will now be understood that the successive coats of 
paint, with the labor of nibbing and smoothing, have brought 
the surface to the best possible condition for receiving the first 
coat of color. This surface, which has been gained by the ex- 
penditure of so much time and labor, it should be the constant 
effort of the workman to preserve, because, for a scratch or in- 

[Continued on j)age 35. 



( 32 ) 

V 

Koysil Kei, 

This not brilliant, but useful and desirable pigment, is an 
artificial ochre, composed mostly of iron ore. It produces very 
good Browns in combination with Blue or Black, and used by 
itself gives good groundwork for either pure Vermilion or its 
counterfeit, the so-called American Vermilion. It is entirely 
permanent in coL i .i dense body. 



gEpBrfflue MojM Med. 

Price W ', in assorted cans, - - 25 cents. 



The varnish should be carefully swept the evening 

previous to finish- . 

Do not use -, -. .water on the -Soor of the vara h 
room, as the vap • g therefroE^ i^^, ■' have a deleterious 

effect upon the vp.i^.^iA. ^ 

Proprietors should never take strangers into the varnish 
room during the operation of finishing. 

An even temperature should be kept in every varnish room. 
About 68 ° or 70 "^ is most favorable, all things considered. 

Body varnish-brushes should not be used on carriage 
parts. 



f REPARED ^SPECIALLY FOR pOACH AND pARRIAGE PaINTEF 
AND pRNAMENTAL AND pAR ^VORK. 




Superfine Royal Red. 



Paint and Varnish Brushes. 



"*^ Manufacturer of _/ 

Extra Paint Brushes, 



New Yoi'k. 



THE is/£A.isrxj-:E^ j^crrxy:R:E: oin 

INTENDED FOR PAINTERS USE, 



!MOKlSli 11) 



Service, Durabilit/yy a?id 'Pet^fectnesfi in TforMn^ 
and Wearing. 

IS -A 

SPECIALTY WITH THIS ESTABLISHMENT. 

S4 



HOW TO PAINT A CAKRIAGE. 35 

dentation on the same, there is no remedy but to go half-way 
back and begin again. 

It is proposed to finish this job in black; that being the 
most common, as well as the most important of all the colors 
used in the carriage paint shop. It does not take long to learn 
that black (which is the carbon resulting from the burning of 
animal bones in close vessels), is serviceable and valuable, just in 
proportion to the minuteness of the division of the particles. 
Black, not finely ground, has little body, and comparatively 
little adhesive property. The ordinary appliances and means 
for grinding colors in the paint shop are not equal to the task 
of grinding black to that degree of fineness which is essential 
to produce the best eflfects in finished black work. 

Nor has there been, either in this country or abroad, until 
our recent invention, any machinery whereby hard pigments, 
like Black and some of the Lakes, could be reduced to that 
impalpable fineness, on which their value and good working 
qualities mainly depend, without adding so much to the cost 
as to put them beyond the use of coach painters entirely. 
Asking pardon for this digression, and taking for granted 
that you have on hand a stock of Masury's Superfine 
Colors for Coach Painters' Use, and that the body, which 
was left ready for color, is to be finished in the best style, 
the next proceeding is to open a one pound can of Ivory 
" Jet " Black, which will be done in a second with the help of a 
penknife blade. This black will be found finer than, one year 
ago, it was thought possible to reduce any substance, and so 
soft and manageable that it incorporates at once with the thin- 

[Continued on page 39. 



( 36 ) 



This color is of all the most common and the most held in 
esteem in the car .age ]j«,ino-toliop. It is a pure per-oxide of 
iron, of a rich lak;y, red brown color, entirely permanent and of 
astonishing body and covering property. It is hard, gritty, 
and yields very reluctantly to the process of grinding. Indeed, 
to reduce it to a perfect fineness, equal to that shown in the 
sample, would be quite impossible in any ordinary paint-mill, 
or vsrith slab and muller. The cost of painting with our Super- 
fine Red is next to nothing, as a quarter of pound will cover a 
surface of about eight square yards, making the cost per yard 
about one cent. To produce a pound of such color would 
(supposing it were possible in the paint shop), be very much 
more than we chaige for it. 



Superfine 



3d, ¥ It), 



40 cents. 



The smoke from bituminous coal will cause varnish to look 
blue and cloudy. 



J^REPARED ^SPECIALLY FOR pOACH AND ^ARRIAGE ^AINTEI^S, 

AND Ornamental and Par )Vork. 




Superfine Indian Red. 



JOHN F. WEARE, 



IMPORTEB AND DEALER IN 



., \,ead, Zinc P^y 

COLORS AND VARNISHES, 



AND SOLE AGENT FOE 



SlMBf 111 00l©gi 

For Coach and Carriage Painters, 

Also, Agent for the sale of 

Called RAIL ROAD COLORS, 

FOR PAIffriIf& EXTERIORS AM INTERIORS OF HOUSES, BARNS, OUTBUILM&S, Etc, 



AND AGENT FOK 



THUM'S BRUSHES, 

AND 

VALENTINE'S VARNISHES. 

121 M Water Street, CHicap. 



HOW TO PAINT A CARKIAGE. 39 

ning, and the mixture becomes as homogeneous as though it 
were all one substance. Enough of this black to go over the 
work is taken from the can and thinned with turpentine, using 
a little oil and varnish if you have time. This black will be 
found to cover whatever it touches, and a solid job with one 
coat may be made over pure white. Put on with flat camel hair 
brush, which leaves no brush mark. This coat had best stand 
one day before the second coat of black is applied. That done, 
the work is ready for first coat of varnish. This is an import- 
ant point in the process of our work. So fai-, all has been done 
with reference to durability as well as beauty, and as a coat of 
bad varnish will nullify all that has been done in that way, it 
behooves us to be not a little particular about the matter. It is 
not for us to say who makes the best rubbing varnish ; but we 
have no hesitation in saying, what, in our opinion, a rubbing 
varnish should be, to fulfill all the requirements of the occasion. 
It must flow smoothly : it must dry hard, and yet elastic : it 
must rub well, clean down well, and not sweat. If you can find 
a varnish fulfiling all these necessary conditions, no matter 
what name it may bear, apply a coat of it to the work in hand : 
not a heavy coat, but a light one, with a flat brush, of which 
there are several, kinds intended specially for varnish. (For a 
most complete assortment of brushes for coach work, we call at- 
tention to the establishment of Henry W. Gteak & Co., New 
York. The manufacture of Fitch, Badger, bristle and other 
serviceable brushes for carriage work, is a specialty with them ; 
and, in the way of tools, the painter cannot be wrong if sup- 
plied with a stock of brushes of their make). A thick, flat Bad- 

[Continued on page 43. 



( 40 ) 



This fine ricii Lakey color is of the same nature as Indian 
Red. It has a dense body, dries and flats well, and is entirely 
permanent. The sample shown on the opposite page is one 
coat of Tuscan on a ground of Indian Red and one coat of 
clear varnish. As a ground for Munich, Carmine, and Purple 
Lakes, and for deep Carmine, it has no superior. 

Tuscan Red, in assorted cans, '^ lb 75 cts. 



To make a rich shade of Bismark Brown take a ground of 
two parts Burnt Umber to one of White Lead. Put over this 
two coats Burnt Sienna and glaze with Bismark Brown, made 
as follows: one ounce best gold bronze, half ounce of Carmine 
and half ounce of English Crimson Lake. When a very light 
color is required use English Vermilion for ground in place of 
that named above. 

N. B. — That most of so called Siennas and Umbers sold in 
the market are only imitations of the genuine. To make good 
work requires the best colors. Our superfine colors are select- 
ed for us abroad and are warranted in all cases to be the very 
best. 



GS 



Prepared Specially for Coach and Parriage J^aintei^, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND QaR ]VoRK. 




Superfine Tuscan Red. 



MANUFACTURER OF 

DRYER, 

For Coach, Car and House Painters' Use. 






The subscriber would respectfully call attention to his Tbanspaeent 
Deyek, manufactured with great care, with special reference to the wants 
of Car and Coach Painters. 

An experience of several years has given him a thorough knowledge 
of this branch ©f the varnish business, and he trusts that all those who 
are in need of a good, substantial dryer, may have sufficient confidence 
in it to at least give his stock, which is made from none but the best 
material, a thorough trial. 

The Tbanspaeent Deyeb is a superior Oil Dryer, and its strength is 
nearly double that of ordinary Japan. 

It will not discolor pure white or any fancy colors ; does not thicken 
up or destroy the fluidity of the paints, which makes it well adapted to use 
in mixing paint for striping. 

It is warranted not to crack, and to incorporate freely vsdth either raw 
or boiled oil ; is a complete binder of all colors, and is just what is needed 
by aU first-class Car, Carriage, House, Sign and Ornamental Painters. 

42 



HOW TO PAINT A CAERIAGE. 43 

ger hair varnish brush, of chisel form, about three or three and 
a-half inches wide, is recommended for such work as is now the 
subject of treatment. Such a brush, if well cared for, will last 
a lifetime, and grow better with age. But let us return to the 
body, which was left with one coat of rubbing varnish, and 
which must now be put aside to dry for three days. During 
this time work may be resumed on the carriage : first, by going- 
over it again with sandpaper ; and now care must be exercised 
not to rub the sharp angles through to the wood. After this, 
dust off and apply second lead coat, mixed as follows : dry 
white-lead wet with a mixture of Japan and oil, in the propor- 
tion of three parts of the former to one of the latter, and made 
stiff" ; reduce with turpentine and apply as before, observing 
same directions as to grinding, reducing, etc. After three days, 
another slight sandpapering, and the last lead coat may be ap- 
plied. In this last coat no oil need be used, but clear Japan, 
and the paint should be applied as before. This being the last 
lead coat, we of course depend upon it for the smooth, perfect 
surface required for the reception of the color, which, with strip- 
ing and varnishing is to complete the job. For cutting down 
this coat use number one sandpaper, and be very careful to 
smooth out every corner and bead, and around every bolt-head, 
nut, etc., and remember that the bases of the spokes require 
attention equally with the centres, as also do the hubs and rims. 
This operation, simple as it may seem, is no " child's play," and 
must not be entrusted to a careless hand, as the same amount 
of rubbing applied to the sharp corners as to the flat and 
rounded surfaces, will remove all the successive coats down to 

ICmiUnued on page 47. 



IJltFamsiFime Elm©, 

Until recently the only pure blue available for painting was 
True Ultramarine, or " Lapis Lazuli," a precious stone, found 
principally in Persia and Silesia. All attempts to extort from 
nature the secret of producing this wonderful azure were for a 
long time unsuccessful, until, at last, a French chemist, Guimet, 
by analyzing the t' ".e .substanv^e, was able to produce by chemical 
agency an imitation so perfect that best judges were at fault in 
distinguishing the real from the factitious article. In parting 
with her secret, however, Nature seemed to exact almost as 
much in the way of compensation as the secret was worth. As 
an oil paint, this beautiful pigment is, of all, the most intractable 
and stubborn. It is very hard to grind to impalpable fineness, 
is of all earthy paints the most transparent and difficult to 
manipulate. Yet, so beautiful is this "heaven's own blue," 
that, in contrast with it, all blue paints seem to change to green 
and greenish browns. The sample on opposite page is not pure, 
but tinted with white. The first coat was our pure Ultramarine 
and our New White, in equal parts; this made a body color. 
The second was cae-quarter White to three of Blue; and the 
third coat was sev^n parts of Blue to one of White. Pure blue 
might have followed the third coat, and have made a sohd job. 
The Blue we grind is, however, a much more costly material 
than the Ultramarine usually sold in the shops. It costs us 
twice more, in gold, than the ordinary Blue is sold for in cur- 
rency. 

Ultramarine Blue in 1 lb and \ ib cans, '^ ft>, $1. 
This Blue dries in about half an Tiour. 






Prepared Especially for Poach and Carriage Painters, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND pAR ^VoRK. 




Superfine Ultramarine Blue. 



f IJllIi S©1I1A11 

218 to 230 York and 2 to 10 Ashmun Sts. 



Manufacturers of 



IHEELS aill fflEL MATERIAL, 

OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. ALSO THE CELEBRATED 

SarTes Palest Wheels^ 

WHICH, FOK 

Strength, 'Durability , I^iffhtness a?id beauty, 

FAB EXCEL ALL OTHEK WHEELS IN THE MARKET. 

It is not a new patent, depending upon the success of future experi- 
ments to demonstrate its practical value, but has been growing steadily 
into public favor for the past twelve years This, with the numerous tes- 
timonials we have received regarding its merits, fully suffice to verify all 
that we or the patentee have ever claimed for it. It is equally well adapted 
for the lightest Trotting Wagons or the heaviest Steam Fire Engines. 
jFOiJ fvijTj f^hticvjjAjis send for circular. 

SPOKES, Finished and Unfinished, HUBS, RIMS, 
WHIFFLETREES, HANDLES, Ac, Ac. 

ON HAND AND MADE TO OBDER FROM THE 

BEST OF EASsiTERlV HlCItOIC^S'. 



Office: 224 YORK STREET. 

HENEY G. LEWIS, President. EDWAED E. BEADLEY, Secretary. 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 47 

the wood ; and, as these parts receive most of the wear and 
tear of actual use, it follows that these, of aU, require to 
be best protected with the jjaint. The smoothing being pro- 
perly performed, and the loose parfirles removed from every pari, 
nook and corner, the work is ready for first coat of color. That 
portion of the ground black remaining in the can, after the 
painting of the body, will be found — supposing it to have been 
kept well covered with turpentine or water — as soft and pliable 
as when first opened. Mix a proper quantity of this with tur- 
pentine, using oil and varnish at discretion, and apply with flat 
camel-hair brush. Ten hours will be sufficient to dry this coat, 
when the second will follow, mixed the same as the first coat, 
with a little more varnish and less oil, if any. If the work is to be 
finished with a very wide stripe, put this on before the first coat 
of varnish. The carriage parts being ready for first coat of var- 
nish, apply rubbing varnish, which should be as good in every 
respect as that used on the body, and as carefully put on. 
Leaving this to harden, return to the body, which was left with 
one coat of varnish, and it will be found hard enough for first 
rubbing. Provided with a piece of cloth or felt and finely pul- 
verized pumice-stone, a water tool, and plenty of clean cold 
water, proceed to cut down the varnish as closely as pos- 
sible, being careful not to go through to the color, and not 
to allow the pumice-stone to dry on the varnish ; use the 
water-tool freely in all the corners and around the mould- 
ings. This operation will be repeated through three suc- 
cessive coats of varnish, and the body is ready for the trim- 
ming shop. The carriage part must now be subjected to 

[Contimted on page 51. 



EmgMsl YeriMliom, Fate ami Beep. 

This indispensable pigment, although one of the most import- 
ant, is really one of the simplest in its constituent parts of all 
the paints in use. It is composed of two elementary substances, 
both well known, one of which is of universal distribution. 
Sulphur combined with quicksilver, in the proportion of about 
one part of the former to five parts of the latter, under a cer- 
tain mode of treatment produces the pigment mostly known in 
the trade as English Vermilion. The test of purity in this 
paint is simple and inexpensive. A small quantity put on a 
plate of iron heated almost to redness, will burn for a time with 
pure blue flame, exhahng a sulphurous odor. After the burn- 
ing of the suljihur, the mercury will entirely be evaporated by 
the action of the heat, leaving no residuum, supposing the ar- 
ticle to be pure. In jjainting the sample sheets, specimen of 
which is shown on ojDposite page, one jjound of ground Ver- 
milion was consumed in giving one coat to about twenty-two 
square yards of surface. Therefore a coating of pure Vermil- 
ion may be had at the rate of about seven cents per square yard. 
So, a Avagon presenting a superficial area of, say, seven square 
yards may be painted over with this brilliant color at a cost for 
material of about fifty cents. 

Price per pound in assorted cans, - - - $ 



J&M^ W» Mm&wmr^& 



'im© \ 



Prepared ^specially for poACH and Parriage Paintei^, 
AND Ornamental and Car y^'oRK.. 




Pure English Vermilion, Light. 



MM99BM S PlMMS^M 

317 & 319 Railroad Avenue, 

MANUFACTUEEES OF 




FOR THE CARRIAGE AND RAILWAY TRADE, 

Wonlil respecilully call tlie attenlioii of llie Trade to their article or 

Traasf artil Brytr. 

OF WHICH THEY ARE THE INVEMTORS AND SOLE MAWUFACTDRERS, 



This article has been thoroughly tested by the most experienced 
painters for more than eighteen months. It has been found to be not only 
superior to the best Japans now in use as a dryer, but has the advantage in 
its color, about like pure Linseed Oil, and is a good gold size ; will not 
discolor pure white or fancy colors, or curdle in oil or varnish. It is very 
desirable for striping ; is a complete binder of all colors, and being of an 
elastic nature, it positively will not crack. For the above reasons, and on 
account of its medium price, it is rapidly coming into use in place of 
Japan for all purposes as a dryer, as it is just what is needed. 

50 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 51 

the same i-ubbing process as has been apphed to the body. 
This work must not be trusted to unskillful hands. An 
expert only can do it to perfection. If performed by in- 
experienced hands, the result will be an untimely striping of all 
the sharp angles, and the prospect of a well-finished job materi- 
ally impaired. Supposing this dehcate operation to be success- 
fully performed, the striping is next in order. On this subject 
there is not much to be said. If any one supposes he can do this 
because he has been told " how to do it," a single attempt will be 
all sufficient to cure him of his vain delusion ! There is no royal 
road to this accompHshment ; its attainment is through the 
steep path of long-continued practice. The striping done and 
dry, a thorough washing must follow; and be sure that eyerj^ 
pai-ticle of dust you leave upon the work, will be found by the 
varnish brush, and carelessness in this respect has too often 
called down maledictions upon the head of the innocent varnish 
maker. The carriage parts removed to the varnish room, are 
ready for finishing coat ; and the \\Titer confesses himself 
at loss how to give any hints even which shall prove of 
value as to the successful performance of this, of all, the 
most important in the whole proceeding. A knowledge not 
only of the nature of varnish generally, but of the par- 
ticular varnish to be used in the operation, is indispensable 
to success. To become an adept in this art requires long 
experience, confidence, and self-possession ; and, we may add, 
a good conscience. A mistake in this, is little less than a 
crime! and your shortcoming will not only rise in judg- 
ment against you, but will be known and read of all men. 

[Continued on page 55. 



( 52 ) 



Y©F]iiiiiM©ii, 

True Vermilion is a rich bright color, of dense body and per- 
manent when exposed to the light. This is one of the few pig- 
ments which will not ^ ..ar too much grinding. If crushed to 
the degree of fineness which some paints absolutely require to 
develope the color which is in them, it becomes dull, dead and 
comparatively worthless. 

The so-called American Vermilion is made from white lead 
and chromic acid (bi-chromate of potash). It must not be' 
rubbed so hard as to break the crystals, or it loses its 
vermilion hue and shows what it really is, a deep orange 
chrome. 

Red Lead is a pure oxide of lead and is produced by ex- 
posing metallic lead to the action of the heat, taking care not 
to fuse it. It is aostly employed as a pigment in painting iron 
vessels and iron work generally. It has an affinity for the 
latter metal and serves admirably in protecting it from 
corrosion. 



Orange Mineral is another name for Red Led and is pro- 
duced by the slow calcination of White Lead in iron trays. 



J^REPARED Specially for poACH and Parriage J^ainteb^, 

AND pRNAMENTAL AND pAR 'JVORK. 




Pure English Vermilion, Deep. 



J XJD D 

Linseed and Spekm Oil 



Manufacturers and Importers of 

Rai;ir, Refined and Boiled 






mM.ffHALE,AHBOTHEBOILS, 



Sole Successors to SAMUEL JUDD, 

SAIL.JDDD'nONUCO.aiJ.&LK.BEIDGE. 

ESTABLISHED OVER FORTY YEARS. 

54 



HOW TO PAINT A OAERIAGE. 55 

The body received from the trimming shop, is ready for rub- 
bing, preparatory to the finishing coat of varnish. This, too, is 
a delicate piece of work, and requires judgment, skill and 
patience. Remember that a viote on a panel becomes a beam in 
the eye of the beholder, and the smallest speck looms up like a 
distant hill in a misty atmosphere. Having completed it (for 
better or worse), close the door reverently behind you, lock it, 
call on your good angel to protect your work from harm, and 
await the result. 

If not pressed for time, it will be well to allow the body to 
stand over one night before finishing. Remove it to the finish- 
ing-room, which was put in order the previous evening, wash it 
off thoroughly with cold, clean water, using a clean sponge, and 
a chamois skin which has been well broken in. Do not use 
dusters which have been used on lead or color, or the mould- 
ings will be discolored. After dusting off well, take a dry, flat 
Fitch brush and wet the ends of the hair with a small quantity 
of varnish. Let this stand for half-an-hour, and then go care- 
fully and lightly over the whole surface. This will pick up 
every remaining particle of lint and dust and there remains 
only to apply the varnish. This should be done as you should 
say your prayers, without the presence of any third party; and 
being done, retire without ostentation, locking the door behind 
you, and keeping it locked, until the surface is no longer liable 
to injury from dust. 

The nest thing in order is to care for the tools. The brush 
used for picking up the lint should be first softened with a 
little oil and then thoroughly washed with soap and water, and 

[ Continued on page 59. 



( 56 ) 



Greens, so abundant in the vegetable kingdom, are rare in 
the mineral world, copper being the only metal which gives in its 
combinations the "arions shades of green in common use. All 
the greens used in painting are either copper greens or chrome 
greens. 

Chrome Green (when moderately pure) possesses a dense 
body, or covering property, and belongs among what are known 
as body colors. These colors are not as permanent as the cop- 
per greens, being compounded of blue and yellow, which colors 
are not affected in like degree by the action of light. The cop- 
per greens, however, are transparent, but far more durable and 
retain their brilliancy much longer when exposed to the action 
of the sun's rays. 

Paris Green, or, more properly, Scheele's Green (arsenite 
of copper), is a comparatively late discovery and was first man- 
ufactured by the chemist whose name it bears. It consists of 
about twenty-eigh puts oxide of copper and seventy-two parts 
arsenic. It is one of the highly transparent pigments, will 
not bear grinding, works badly under the brush and is by no 
means a favorite with the painter. 

Coach Painters' Green, Light. Price per pound, in lib cans 
and upwards, 50 cents. 



'^MpeFfflMe ^©loFg 



Prepared Especially for Coach and Carriage Paintef^, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND pAR ]VORK. 




Coach Painters' Green, Light. 



WADSWORTI, HOWUND & CO. 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



Oils, Brimstone, Phosphorus, 
Drugs and Dyestuffs. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



r^'M^IMMMS 



And Agents for ATLANTIC WHITE LEAD, 

34 INDIA STREET, BOSTON. 

Particixlar attention paid to furnishing Carriage Painters with all kinds ot 
goods used by them, including 

English Varnislies; English, French and G-erman Colors, 

Also, BEAR, FITCH, BADGER, SABLE, and CAMEL HAIR BRUSHES and PENCILS. 
SOLE BOSTON AGENTS FOR 

fe Weffiai«»F*s ©la© @@l@fit 



HOW TO PAINT A CAREIAGE. 59 

carefully put away for future use. Remember that good work 
depends in a great measure on the strictest attention to clean- 
liness ; and a sloven cannot in the nature of things produce a 
perfect job in Carriage Painting. " Neatness, order and econ- 
omy," should be the motto in every paint shop. 

The work which has been under way for a period of about 
five weeks may now be considered as finished. It may stand a 
few days to harden, and then be hung up. The bolts, etc., hav- 
ing been blacked off, and dry, the completed cai'riage should 
receive the first of repeated washings, which it is destined to 
rmdergo ; but this clean, cold water washing should be done by 
an experienced hand ; otherwise it is better left undone. If 
properly performed it will tend to harden the varnish, and 
will rather improve the general appearance. The finished vehi- 
cle now may be turned out for service, and there need be httle 
apprehension that the painting will not prove a durable and 
creditable job. It might have been completed in much less 
time and have presented to the eye quite as good an appear- 
ance. A great many carriages are so finished, and they may, 
and do no doubt, stand the ordinary wear and tear of country 
roads pretty well ; but for use on city pavements, time is an in- 
dispensable element, and it would not be safe to finish work for 
city wear in less than we have given to the job in hand, unless 
some other and shorter method be adopted. 

For the last ten years ways and means have been devised, 
and every effort made to shorten the process of Carriage Paint- 
ing ; to expedite the work and turn it out in less time. The 
pace has not been fast enough for the " times ;" and quicker, 

[Continued on page 63. 



( 60 ) 



Ciirome Ureeia, 



This well known and serviceable pigment is another of the 
products of the metal chromium, in combination with iron and 
cyanogen (prussic acid). Chrome ore is a union of chromium 
and iron and is of rare occurrence. It is found in considerable 
quantities in Maryland, near Baltimore. The chief application 
of this ore is in the production of chromic acid (bi-chromate of 
potash), which is extensively used in dyeing and calico printing 
and in the production of the paints known as chrome colors. 
Chromic acid, literally color acid, derives its name (the Greek 
original signifies color, or to color) from the property it pos- 
sesses of throwing down a colored precipitate when added to 
the saline solutions of certain metals. 

The paint known as Chrome Green is made by mixing to- 
gether Chromate of Lead (Chrome Yellow), and Prussiate of 
Iron (Prussian Blue). This prodiict is combined with an 
earthy base, Sulphate of Baryta, or Silica, in proportions to suit 
the market as to price. It is sold under various names but the 
paints are the same, differing only in the quantity of coloring- 
matter which they contain and the tones of color. 

Coach Painters' (Superfine) Green, Dark. Price, per pound, 
in one pound cans, &c., 50 cents. 



Prepared Especially for Coach and Carriage Painters, 
and prnamental and ^ar '^a^'ork. 




Coach Painters' Green, Deep. 






^ 



IP 

o 



^ o 






^ 



o 



00 



FIRST CLASS WORK, 




AT LOWEST PRICES. 



00 



^ tJ3. 



o 

o 
o 

I 



o 



^^W €i.SS^ 



« JI14I««^^' 



«i3ia«i^- 



f ^iffi't gf imm«^ s« ^« 



HOW TO PAINT A CARKIAGE. 63 

shorter ways, of arriving at the same result have been sought 
for — ^if not discovered. Keeping in mind the grand, pervading 
principle of compensation, we are not of those who beHeve the 
time heretofore deemed necessary to produce a first-class job of 
Coach Painting can be materially shortened, at the same time 
retaining all the good features and results of the slow process. 
That is to say : the chances are altogether in favor of durabili- 
ty, when oil enough has been used in the painting to ensure 
elasticity and prevent the material from drying to that flinty 
hardness which cannot be supposed to bear the shaking and 
concussions which all wheeled vehicles on city pavements are 
necessarily subjected to, without cracking, and perhaps, chip- 
ping off. In short the mode of jDainting carriages such as we 
have described in the foregoing pages of this book, involves 
the expenditure of a certain number of days, which cannot be 
materially curtailed without incurring the risk of what has been 
too common of late, viz., jobs which soon perish with the using. 
If haste be a sine qua non with the painter; if the work must 
be completed in half the time heretofore deemed essential in 
the production of enduring carriage painting, it is suggested 
that some other mode be adopted. If we will have railroad 
speed, we must abandon the stage-coach system ! 

In writing about the " new way," which certainly has found 
favor in many first-class manufactories, we propose simply to 
give the results of our own experience, without endorsing or 
committing ourselves either to the old system or the new, as 
possessing superior advantages. To give the facts as we find 
them is what we propose, leaving every man to his own judg- 

[Contimied on page 67 



laples Yellow, 

This pigment i'; of r,o particular importance or interest to 
coach painters, 1\, .- id to be a compound ol the metals Anti- 
mony, Lead and 7 o in unequal proportions, the first named 
metal being predominant. 

It was at one time an important pigment, particularly in 
the fine arts, and its manufacture was confined to Naples, the 
mode of operation in its production being kept for many years 
a profound secret. Since the discovery and introduction of 
Chromate of Lead (Chrome Yellow), the demand for Naples 
Yellow has very much declined, the Chromate of Lead, being 
in all respects a s'lperior paint, both in color, body, drying 
property and ease /' working. Naples Yellow is a poor dryer, 
does not flat well, rrsd great care is required to make solid work 
vsdth it. 

The sample s i;\' on il^'- oppr ■ .e ])<i-re is put on over a 
coat of ground made to match the color; and finished with 
one coat of clear color and one coat of color varnish. 
Naples YeUow, L and D, W lb, $1 25. 



'^MperfflM© ^^©loFS, 



Prepared ^specially for pOACH and Parriage Paintef^s, 
AND Ornamental and Par "^ork. 




Naples Yellow, Light. 



MANUFACTUBERS OP 

I<^iiie P*leasiax*e Cax^riages, 

Nos. 26, 28 & 30 BOWKER STREET. 

J. W. Mastjky, New York. Boston, FeVy 2, 1871. 

Bear Sir: — We have been using your " Superfine Colors " for the 
space of six months, and find them all they are represented to be. 
The Lakes are unequalled for fineness, brilliancy of color, and work- 
ing qualities. Wishing you continued success, we remain 
Very truly yours, 

SAKGENT, HOYT & HAM. 
I most cheerfully indorse the above statement. 
Wm. Gentelo, 
Foreman with Sakgent & Ham. 



Boston, FeVy 2, 1871. 
J. W. Mastjky, New York. 

Dear Sir: — I have been using your "Fine Ground Lakes," and 
am perfectly satisfied with the results; as to working quality, fineness, 
&c., they are unequaled. 

JOSEPH P. EMOND, 

Foreman for J. T. Smith. 



Manufacturer and Dealer in 

Carriages, Sleighs, Harness, Eobes, &c., &c. 

No. 73 UNION STREET. 

J. W. Mastjky, New York. Bosio?i, PeVy 7, 1871. 

Dear Sir: — Since last June your "Superfine Ground Colors" 
have been in constant use in my manufactory, and have given the 
most perfect satisfaction. Wishing you continued success, 
I am very truly yours, 

A. M. BATES, 
73 Union Street, Boston, Mas.-. 



HOW TO PAINT A CARKIAGE. 



67 



inent as to which course he will adopt or pursue. Something 
more than three years has, we believe, passed since the intro- 
duction of the "permanent wood-filling," and in the candid 
judgment of the writer, it has steadily grown in the favor of 
the Trade ; and the complaints about the cracking and chip- 
ping of paint fi-om carriages are decreasing with the more 
general use of the new article. We have seen carriages painted 
over a priming of the wood-filling, in constant use for more 
than eighteen months on the city pavements, which did not 
show the least sign of cracking or chipping. True, some paint- 
ers have complained that the work is more likely to perish over 
the wood-filling than when put on over the successive coats of 
lead, as in the old practice. If this misfortune did not some- 
times occur under the old method, the objection would have 
more force. It is suggested that the rubbing varnish in such 
cases has more to answer for than the material used in the op- 
eration of priming. Any painter may do something tow^ard 
settling this question by painting two panels, one with wood- 
filling Underneath the roughstuff, and the other with lead and 
oil, and then treating the two processes alike up to the first 
coat of varnish. For convenience a moulding should be run 
through the center of each panel. On one-half of each use a 
quick-drying, hard, non-elastic and brittle varnish — there is no 
scarcity of such in the market — and on the other two moities, 
use a varnish, which though drying hard, is not brittle, but 
tough and elastic ; a varnish which requires a good amount of 
labor to cut down. Finish all with a coat of best English var- 
nish and abide the result. If those parts on which the brittle 

[Continued on page 71. 



( 68 ) 



CliFom© ¥©E©w BnperlBiii©, (Lemom) 

This useful and brilliant Yellow results from a combination 
of chromic acid with lead in solution, and is properly speaking 
a chromate of lead. It has a dense body, particularly when 
ground to an impalpable fineness. It is much used in the paint 
shop, not only by itself, but also with white for making Pale 
Yellow, Buffs, Cream Color, etc.; and for jiroducing with Black 
or Blue, the various broken Greens, as Olive Ch-een and Quaker 
Green, and Bronze Green : and with Bed, Orange color ; and 
with Ked and Black, or Blue, the brighter hues of Brown. It 
is a permanent color when exposed to the light, but blackens 
when submitted to the fumes of sulphuretted hydrogen. A 
coating of varnish however, effectually prevents this. 



BuiperinKe €. F, Clarom© Yellow (L(em©B) 

Price, '^ Ih. in assorted cans, - - 50 cents. 



Do not make a workshop of your varnish-room. 

How TO RUB OFF A Vaknish Run. — ^Wet your cloth and wipe 
it over a piece of hard soap. Use fine pumice stone as cus- 
tomary. The action of the soap will keep the particles of stone 
from sticking into the soft varnish. 






J^'REPARED jpSPEClALLY FOR pOACH AND pARRIAGE PaINTEI^S, 
AND PrNAMENTAL AND pAR '^ORK. 



bo\g 

■J ■ ir«- ■. ' • 



■:r;;^< 




■J m^ 



Chrome Yellow, Lemon. 



THH ATEaAMTlO 



^^^^\^ 



^5vN^ i-=^ 



#wf if i mmm 



:«^x 



MANUFACTUEEllS OF 

Pure White Iiead, 

OR.^^ .A.isr]D iisr OIL. 

RED LEAD, LITHARGE, 

GLASS MAKERS' RED LEAD, &c. 



Liistti 

RAW, BOILED 

For Sale by Dealers and 







"V^ Jl Jl •) 
AND REFINED. 

Druggists generally, 



EGBERT COL&ATE & CO., G-eneral Agents, 



I — 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 



71 



substance was used do not perish within three months, while 
the other parts remain full and sound, we will cheerfially ac- 
knowledge the vanity of our own experiments in that direction. 
Taking this theor}- as the correct one, it follows that the work 
is liable to the accident in question without regard to whatever 
system may have been adopted in the initiatory proceedings, 
supposing a mistake in the selection of the varnish. Again : 
it is far better that a job should perish, than to crack and flake 
off ; because, in the one case the remedy may be found in re- 
varnishing, while the other involves the trouble and expense of 
burning off and re-painting. It is not to be supposed that any 
new claimant for public favor can find it, all at once. Many 
pertinaciously cling to w^hat has been tried, and not found want- 
ing. The bridge is good which carries safely! To those who 
would inquire fiu^ther we recommend applying for information 
to any of the first-class establishments, w^here the use of the 
permanent w'ood-fiUing has been adopted. But to the modus 
operandi. Priming mth filling should be proceeded with as in 
the use of lead. It miist be put on evenly and well brushed 
into the grain of the w^ood, and under no circumstances must 
the beads and corners be left fuU of the material. A short, 
well-worn brush is best for applying it, and the work should 
stand fou.r days before appljdng the first coat of roughstuff, 
which should be mixed as follows : two parts dry lead, one part 
Enghsh filling, wet with tw^o parts Japan gold size, two parts 
varnish, and one part raw oil, mixed thick and ground finely 
through the miU. Eeduce with turpentine and apj^ly as usual. 
Putty on this coat after three days, and give the putty two days 

[ Continued on page 75. 



( 72 ) 




SMpertiie €. F« Clarome Yellow, 


Beep Orange. 


The remar] 

to this color, an 

pure Orange m 

and is much use 

Price ^ 


fs on the foregoing page are mainly applicable 
i there remains only to say that this very rich 
akes of itself a good finish for carriage parts, 
d for fancy Express Wagons. 

K in n.j^nni . " f^ana _ _ _ _ KO ^^pnts 


The two int 
sample, mainly i 
respectively dar] 
than the Deep C 


ermediate t6nes of this color are not shown by 
o avoid making the book too bulky. They are 
ker than the Lemon, and considerably lighter 
)range. 


Biaperfi 


me Clrome Yellow, 


Orange, 


Price, ^ ib, in 


assorted cans, - - - - 


- - 50 cents. 


SMperffl] 


ne Clarome Yellow, 


MeiiMm. 


Price, ? ft, as 


sorted cans, ----- 


- - 50 cents. 


Varnish should not be reduced with cold spirits of turpen- 
tine. If too stout for working with the brush, better return it 
to the maker. 



Prepared Especially for Poach and Parriage Paintei^, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND pAR WORK. 




Chrome Yellow, Deep Orange. 



DEALEKS IN 

FAfflTS ui PAfflTEBS' SIPPLIES, 

OF EVERY DKSCEIPTION, 

OOE, EXCHAME ST. and EXCHANGE PLACE, 

AND 

%i^ Eixclxang-e Place, 

AGENTS FOB 

Forest Eiver Lead Go's Perfectly Pure White Lead, 

Brooklyn "White Lead Go's Pure White Lead, 
PETER COOPER'S GLUE AND NEAT'S-FOOT OIL. 

Jl®« W« M4iWl¥« fill 6®1®1S, 

For Coach and Carriage Painters, Ornamental 
and Car Work. 



CONSTANTLY ON HAND THK BEST GBADES OF 

ENGLISH AND. AMERICAN COACH AND CARRIAGE 



Ana a m line Ol COACH AD CAEEIA&E PAIBTERS' SUPPLIES. 



Our facilities for supplying the best goods to be found in the country in our line 
are unsurpassed. 

PRICES ALWAYS LOW AND SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 

BOON, RICE & CO. 

74 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 76 

to harden, before applying second coat. This should consist of 
two j)arts English filling mixed stiff' in two parts gold size, 
one part raw oil and one part varnish. Thin with turpentine 
and allow two days for drying. Third coat should be as the 
second, excepting that the oil should be omitted and brown 
Japan substituted therefor. After one day, a fourth and last 
coat of roughstuii' may be put on. This may be made, three 
parts English filling, one part dry lead, in two parts gold size, 
one part varnish and one part brown Japan. If a fifth coat be 
deemed necessary make it same as fourth coat. Apply guide 
coat, and rub and finish as in the old way. The carriage part, 
coming from the smiths should be trimmed up, bands put on, 
etc., and thoroughly sandpapered, cutting close down to the 
wood. Dust off carefully and apply coat of filling to every 
part, iron work included. Brush the wood-filling well into the 
grain, taking care not to use too much. A thin coat is best. 
Next day putty rims, faces, spokes, and all flat places evenly, 
with soft putty made elastic. The usual mode of proceeding is 
to smooth down next day for color ; but our practice has been 
to apply with a flat camel hair brush, a coat of lead, mixed stifi' 
in Japan and reduced with turpentine to the consistency of color, 
previous to sandpapering. This vpiU ensure a more perfect sur- 
face. This coat may be colored with a little black if the finish 
is to be Black, or with Indian Red, if the finish is to be 
Carmine or Lake. By adopting this mode of proceeding, 
the sandpaper will not be apt to clog, and tear up the filling, 
and if proper care be exhibited in rubbing down, the lead will 
come off, and there will remain a good surface without injury to 

[Continued on page 79. 



C 76 ) 



¥©111 ow Lake, 

The ground for tliis glazing is made of two parts of our 
Silver White (White Lead may be substituted for this), two 
parts Burnt Umber, one of our Medium C P. Chrome Yellow, 
one of Yellow Lake, and a very little Scarlet Lake. This is a 
very useful, indeed indispensable, color in the paint shop, and 
the use of it gives a delicate look to various shades of drab, tan 
colors, greens, etc., which can be obtained in no other way. The 
rich, delicate drabs, which have been so long used by Eastern 
manufacturers, and which have been so much admired, are pro- 
duced by a glazing of this Lake. 

YeUow Lake A, in 1 tb and i fc cans, ^ ft, $2.00. 

u u 1 u » 2.25. 

" B, " " 1 " " 2.50. 

" " i " " 2.75. 



Do not lose sight of the fact that all our ground colors are 
strictly pure. We never cheapen a color by adulterating it. We 
get the best of the kind, and offer it to you finer and in better 
shape for working than was ever offered before. Pure colors are 
with us a specialty. 



'giiipeFjQii© '^©loF^ 



Prepared Especially for Coach and Parriage j^aintei^. 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND PaR WoRK. 




Yellow Lake, Glazing. 



FELTON, RAU & SIBLEY, 

Manufacturers of 

Fine Yarnishes and Paints, 

^36, /.98 d /W JVoi^th fourth St., 

We invite the attention of Coach and Car Makers to our large stock of 
Coach Varnishes and Japans manufactured by a member of the firm, who has 
been a practical Varnish Maker upwards of twenty years. Our extensive facilities 
and long experience warrant us in saying that we are prepared to furnish a cheaper and 
better article than almost any other house in our line. We have always a full supply of 
all kinds of 

in fact everything needed by a Coach or Car Painter, which we furnish at the lowest 
figures. We are solo agents in Philadelphia for 

John W. Masury's Fine Colors. 



ALSO SOLE MANUFACTUEEKS OF 

J. W. Tiilly's Improved Paint Filling, 

Patented February 8th, 1870. 

A Composition or Filling for Cars, Engines, Locomotives, Tenders, Coaches, Carriages, 
Steamboats, Safes, Piano Plates, Tools, Machinery, die, <i:c. 

This article possesses, unquestionably, superior advantages over all other Fillers 
now in use, from the following considerations, viz : Its elasticity is such that it will not 
peel, crack nor blister. It xjossessea great durability, and is uueqiialled for hardness of 
surface and smoothness of texture ; consequently it presents a beautiful groundwork for 
the reception of colors. It is a quick, firm dryer: two coats can readily be applied in a 
day; where great dispatch is necessary, three coats may be put on in the same time. It 
is an easy rubber, saving fully one- half the time u.sually employed in that heretofore un- 
pleasant work — the part of painting which has been the most tedious of all, but now 
rendered easy, rapid aud pleasant by the use of the Improved Paint Filling. Its compo- 
sition is such that the pores of the pumice or rubbing-.stone are kept perfectly free and 
open during the entire process of rubbing, while the other Fillers have a tendency to 
choke or fill up the pores of the stones, and thus render them useless or ineffective until 
cleansed or scraped off, which process is both slow and troublesome It is therefore ap- 
parent that by the adoption of this article, both labor and material would be economized. 
It comes in the form of a stiff paste, finely ground, and when reduced to its proper con- 
sistency by the addition of Spirits Turpentine, one gallon will be equal to one and a half 
gallons of other Fillers, thus rendering it comparatively the cheapest artiele of the kind 
in the market. 

In addition to the above we also manufacture the Superior Belgian Varnish Filler, 
designed for filling the grain of hard and fancy woods used in the construction of Pas- 
senger and Sleeping Cars. By its use from two to Ihree coats of varnish are saved. Also 
a Scraping Filler, tor Cars, Coaches, &c., used where great dispatch is required. 

Prices lor Uie aDove Fillers, In from 1 to 5 gaU, cans, - - - $3.00 per gaU. 

BaEKELB, 10 PES CENT. LESS. 
78 



HOW TO PAINT A OAKRIAGE. 79 

the foundation. Sandpaper the next day, dust off, and apply 
first coat of color made more elastic with oil and varnish than 
for coloring over lead paint. The second coat of color may be 
more elastic than the first. From this point all subsequent 
proceedings up to finish will be the same as in the old method. 

Such has been our mode of proceeding in using the per- 
manent wood-filling. There may be better and shorter methods, 
but the results of our experiments have been satisfactory. 

Disclaiming any intention of dictating a rule of action for 
the conduct of others, we suggest a trial of the mode above de- 
scribed to those who have not given the matter any attention or 
trial. Every painter is supposed to have his own peculiar ways 
and notions as to how painting should be done. With these 
we have no desire or intention of interfering. The trade of 
Coach Painting is not to be classed with mere mechanic routine. 
It rises out of mechanical drudgery into the domain of art. 
The ability to perform such work in all its possible comiDlete- 
ness and perfection is an accomplishment of which any man 
may be justly proud. It does not seem that any labor-saving 
machinery can be brought to bear upon it in such a way as to 
lessen the necessity for cunning and skill, for education and taste. 

Referring again briefly to the new mode of carriage paint- 
ing, we would i-emark that, the question of time, durability 
and cost being all involved in it, the subject is entitled to a care- 
ful investigation. 

Having concluded this soiriewhat lengthened description of 
the two modes of procedure, in modern coach painting, we pro- 
pose to record some of the reasons why coach painters should 

[Continued on page 83. 



The ground for this color is made of three parts Superfine 
Ivory Drop Black, and one part of our Superfine Burnt Turkey 
Umber. This Lake has great strength and depth of color, 
and wonderful covterin*' -^jaj^erties. ^ I^. may be mixed with 
English Vermilioai foto ctommon' jobs«ajtid^^oduce satisfactory 
results. Time of dry^j^, When thinned Vlaolly with turpentine, 
one hour. i ., . ^ ' ^ ' 

A, Ckimson( Lake, in. 1 and | tb cans, "^ lb, - $1.50 

A, " " • I " ^ " - 1.75 

B, " I " '^ ^^^ 2 '.' •' " - 2.00 
B, " , " ', k ■ ." , " - 2.25 



A piece of s^lk saturated -with vftrnishy^d then rinsed out 
with spirits of tutpentine, and allowed-tp ^Ity for half an hour, 
used as a wiper,|-wil t^ke all*- Ijljj^ fin^-^^ujnice stone, lint and 
motes from a bfdy'^kj^ff^^^^^Sf \|(5 J4ii^^l^g. Gro over every 
part carefully and gently. 

One part rubbing varnish, two parts EngHsh varnish, and 
one part turpentine bottled up, well shaken and put away for a 
few days, will give you an easy running, quick dryer for strip- 
ing. For striping Carmine add a little good Japan. 



'^MpeFfflMe ^©lOFS, 



Prepared Especially for poACH and Parriage J^aintei^s, 
AND Ornamental and Par 'JVork. 




Crimson Lake, Deep Am. 




ATTENTION! ALL WHO HAVE HOUSES TO PAINT. 



Our Readx-Made Ooloks are ground in oil like White Lead and put up 
in cans and kegs of various sizes, from 25 lbs. up to 50 lbs. 

The advantages of om- ready-made colors known as "Railroad Colors" 
are many. They are more economical, because they are mixed in large 
quantities by steam-power, and as only the exact quantity of coloring mat- 
ter required is added, there is no waste. The tones and tints are the purest 
possible, being produced by the use of the very best materials. They are 
always the same, being compounded by rule, and always in like proportions, 
and any additional require! quantity of the same color may readily be ob- 
tained. 

Samples are furnished, and the owner may select the exact tone or hue 
which may please his taste before the work shall be commenced. 

The sample card comprises forty Colors or Tints, most of which will be 
found desirable for exterior painting. And these may be re-combined so as 
to produce any jjossible neutral, semi-neutral, or irregular tint. 

A book entitled "Plain Talk with Practical Painters," of 32 pages, con- 
taining samples of forty Colors and filled with valuable information on the 
subject of House Painting, will be sent by mail, post paid, on the receipt of 
one three cent stamp. 

JOHN W. MASURY, 

Successor to MASURY & WHITON, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Pire Wlitfi Leai, M aifl Painters' Colors. 

N. Ji. — There are now tnnity imitations of owr Jteady-Made Colors, 
and buyers are warned tigainst imposition. A.II our Colors have our 
name on the packages. 

82 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 



83 



adopt the use of our ground colors rather than depend upon 
the usual facilities of the paint-shop for producing them. We 
wish it understood, once and for all, that we never cheapen a 
color by mixing it with adulterating materials. We warrant 
them absolutely pure so far as our handling of them is con- 
cerned. Honesty in such matters we hold, not only to be the 
best policy, but what is of far higher import, the best principle. 
The extreme adulteration of paints, which has of late years 
become so great an evil as to work out its own cure, has not 
wholly grown out of a disposition on the part of the manufac- 
turer to secure immoderate profits. The consumer has been most 
to blame, because of the ready credence he has given to the prom- 
ises of needy and unscrupulous sellers, who have promised to 
give him more for his money than its worth. It would seem 
almost beyond belief that a coach painter would risk spoiling 
a job in the hope of saving a half-dollar on a gallon of varnish. 
Would such a case be a novelty ? The adulteration of paints 
is so difficult of detection as to make the practice easy and 
comparatively safe. Take for example the article of Carmine. 
In a color so expensive as this a small percentage of adultera- 
tion makes a material reduction in the cost. A single ounce in 
a pound of this expensive color would afford a larger profit to 
the seller than is usually realized by those who sell it pure at 
first hands. Nor could this be detected in using by the most 
skillful and practised painter. The cheat would be revealed 
only by the untimely fading of the color, and that would be too 
late to remedy the evil. In carriage painting, immediate effects 
are less important than remoter consequences. 

[Continued on page 87, 



( 84 ) 



Emgiisl CiimsoE ILsilke. 

This spleuclid shade of Lake is obtained by glazing over a 
ground made from four parts of our Tuscan Red to one part of 
our best Ivory Drop Black. The sheet was prepared thus : 
One coat of ground, one coat of clear Lake, thinned with tur- 
pentine, and a little good rubbing varnish, and one coat of color 
varnish. This Lake looks well either on light or heavy work, 
carriage parts or bodies, and is warranted to hold its color as 
long as any in market. 

English Crimson Lake A : 

Price, ? ft), in 1 ft) and i lb cans, - - - $5.50. 
" " " i " - - - 5.75. 

" ?oz. " 1 " _ . - .40. 

English Crimson Lake B : 

Price, IP ft), in 1 ft) and | lb cans, - - - $6.50. 

\ " - - - 6.75. 

" 1?oz. " 2 " - - - .50. 



For Burning off old Paint. — Procure ten or twelve feet 
of rubber tubing (which comes of proper size for such pur- 
poses), slip one end over the gas burner; put a burner on the 
other end; light the gas, and hold the flame to the work. One 
man can bum off more old paint witii gas than two with hot 
irons. 



Prepared Specially for Coach and Parriage _Paintef^, 

AND pRNAMENTAL AND pAR ^ORK. 




Crimson Lake, English Super. 



\ 



FARRAR & ADAMS, 
Carriage and Sleigh Manufacturers , 

16 & 18 Portland Street. 

Portlnnd, Me., Feb. 11, 1871. 
Mr. J. W. Masurx. 

Dear Sir: We have used your goods for the last six months, and 
are perfectly satisfied with them in every respect, and cheerfully re- 
commend them to Carriage Makers. 

Yours truly, 

FAKRAR & ADAMS. 



J. M. KIMBALL & CO., 

MANUFACnmEBS OP 

302 & 304 Congress Street. 

Portland, Me., Feb. 11, 1871. 
Mr. J. W. Masuey. 

Sir: Having used your ground Colors for Carriage Painters' use 
for the last six months, we cheerfully say that they have given the 
most perfect satisfaction in every respect. Your Ivory Droja Black 
is indispensable, and the fancy Colors all that could be desired. We 
think that the Carriage Manufacturers throughout the country 
should unite in a testimonial to you for your efforts in their behalf. 
Respectfully yours, 

J. M. KIMBALL & CO. 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 87 

The coloi's we offer are prepared expressly for use in car- 
riage work, and with reference only to the requirements of the 
Trade. They are finer than it is possible to make them in 
the paint shop, for the reason that we make a specialty of this 
business, with means and appliances which outside of us do not 
exist. To illustrate the convenience of colors in the form we 
present them, suppose a case. Two or three new spokes in an 
old wheel are to be painted ! The time necessary to prepare 
the paint from dry materials would be more than sufficient to 
match, paint, stripe and varnish with our colors ready at hand. 
Or, suppose an old carriage to be re-varnished. The color is 
mixed to match on the stone, and after, run through the mill. 
In the grinding process the color has changed, and is no longer 
a match. This may not be discovered until the application of 
varnish ; perhaps not even until the job is completed, and 
placed in a stronger light ! The result is general dissatisfaction ; 
but suppose it to have been discovered in the process of grind- 
ing ! the change involves an addition of various colors; one 
after another is added, and with loss of much time, to say 
nothing of loss of patience, the result is a quantity of paint 
sufficient to paint two carriage parts, which of course is almost 
worthless for other work and finds its way into the waste, or 
slush-tub, as it is not very elegantly termed in the paint shop. 
Had our ground colors been on hand the match could have been 
made in one-quarter the time and with one-quarter the stock, 
and the saving would have been both in time and material, and 
the danger avoided of mismatching by the change of color in 
the process of grinding. 

[Continued on page 91. 



( 88 ) 



Csirmiiie Lstle, B. 

The following sample is over a ground of four parts by mea- 
sure of om- best Ivory Drop Black, and one part of our Coach 
Painters' Indian Red. Almost any desired shade can be ob- 
tained by using more or less of the latter color. It will dry, 
ready for varnish, in from one to two hours, covers well, works 
freely, and is well adapted for carriage parts or bodies. A little 
wearing varnish is always good as a binder for all our fine 
colors. Japan is not recommended for this purpose. 

Carmine Lake, B, in 1 and | tb cans, "^ ft, - - . $3.50 

" B, J '< '. _ . 3.75 

" B, 2 oz. " oz. - - 25 

" " A, in 1 and | lb cans, "P lb, - - 2.50 

" A, ^ « « . - 2.75 

" A, 2 oz., oz. - - 20 

N. B. — After your cans are open, care should be taken to 
keep the color well scraped down, and the top covered with tur- 
pentine, and the can covered as closely as may be. Observe 
this, and the result will be a saving of money, and good clean 
working color. 

[There is now no law which prevents painters keeping their 
hands and clothes clean.] 






1- 



fi. 



Prepared j^specially for poACH and Parriage Paintei^s, 
AND Ornamental and Par )Vork. 




Carmine Lake. 



DUSENBURY & VAN DUSER, 

Light Wagon Manufacture b^s , 

13S &: IST' Christie Htreet, 

NEW YORK. 

J. W. Masury, Esq., 

Bear Sir: Your Superfine Ground Colors have been used in our 
establishment since their introduction about a year since, and we 
take pleasure in stating that they have given perfect satisfaction in 
every respect, saving the labor and waste of grinding, and being of 
a fineness which we could not attain. 

We would recommend them to the trade on score of convenience 
and economy, and wishing you success in your enterprise, 
We are very truly yours, 

DUSENBUEY & VAN DUSEB. 



-First Class Carriages and Wagons, 



FOR THE PARK, BOAD AND TRACK, 

144 to 15a East 31st Street, 

Between Third and Fourth Avenues. 

New York, Feb. 13, 1871. 
Mr. J. W. Mastjrv, 

Sir: I have used your Fine Colors for considerable time past and 
find them perfectly satisfactory. 

Yours, &c., 

B. M. STIVEBS. 
90 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 91 

It may be said tliat a thorough-going practical painter does 
not make such mistakes; but such work is not always done by 
that style of woi-kmen. It is often entrusted to boys and other 
persons of immature judgments; and in spite of all that may 
be said, such mistakes do happen in the best-regulated shops. 
Suppose another ease. A new body is ready for color; an or- 
dered job; promised on a certain day. Time is limited, and a 
mistake now is little less than a crime. The paint shop is short 
of hands ! The foreman, driven with other work, finds just 
time to mix the black on the stone — after the same has been 
powdered by the boy — ^put it into the mill, turn the screw, and 
give pressure enough to insure moderately find color. The day 
is a hot one — the crank turns slowly under the best efforts of the 
perspiring juvenile, who, like Mantilini, feels his life to be " one 
demnition grind;" tired and disgusted — not appreciating the im- 
portance of fine colors. — he gives the thumb-screw a half turn, 
and presto ! the crank goes to a lively tvine, the color comes out 
in no stinted quantity, and soon the task is at an end. Leaving 
the mill, which he neglects to clean, and the pot of half-ground 
color, and feeKng himself entitled to a half hour's recreation, in 
reward for his industry and perseverance, he disappears, and 
the foreman comes from the varnish-room, with just enough of 
dayhght left to color the body. The application of a single 
brush full of the paint informs him that in fineness it is equal 
to No. 2 sandpaper; but there is no time to grind a fresh lot ! 
and the cup of thinned color could not be made fine in a week; 
so the boy, being found, is presented with a coat of — well, not 
blessings ! — the body, unpainted, stands till next day, or, being 

[Continued on page 95. 



( 92 ) 



l[iimi(el Late, B, 

Over a ground work made of equal parts of our Superfine 
Ivory Drop Black and Coach Painters' Indian Ked. 

This Lake is, in some parts, more in favor than any other, and 
is a general favorite. As a rule, it holds its color Well. It will 
dry in about two hours, but we recommend, if time will permit, 
the use of a small quantity of varnish and raw oil. Reduce 
with turpentine. Bear in mind that we disclaim all part or lot 
in the short-comings of unskillful varnish makers. No paint is 
good, of course, with poor varnish. The best of its kind is 
always the cheapest. 



Munich Lake, B, in 1 and i ft cans, '^ ft. - $4.50 
" B, " I " " . 4.75 

B, " 2 oz. " oz. - 35 

" A, in 1 and | ft cans, "^ ft. - 3.25 
" A, " 1 " « . 3.50 

" A, " 2 oz. " oz. - 30 



N. B. — That all our Lakes, Carmines and Blacks are ground 
for drying quickly. The drying can always be retarded to suit, 
by the use of a little oil and varnish. 



f^" 






Prepared Especially for Poach and ^arriage Paintei^, 

AND QrNAMENTAL AND QaR '^ORK. 




Munich Lake. 




HENRY WIX, 

Importer and Dealer in 

NEW YORK. 



ALWAYS ON HAM A FIM AM FULL ASSORTIEKT OF 

111 €tl#r$ H$tl ly Ctrriigi Ptimt^rs, 



INCLUDING 



CARMINES, LAKES, IVORY BLACK, 

VERMILIONS, GREENS, YELLOWS, &c. 

AND 

Such as NOBLE & HOAEE'S & HAELAND'S. 

ALSO, 

All ground by JOHN W. MASURY, 

94 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 



95 



smalted, the sui'faee requii-es an extra coat of rubbing varnish to 
present a respectable appearance. Do not such accidents fre- 
quently occur in the paint shop ? Our ground colors offer a 
remedy sure, safe and economical for all these complaints ! Try 
them and be convinced. 

Looking at the question in an economical view, we give 
the following facts : Taking our Munich Lake, for example: 
seventy-three sheets, in size 19x29 inches, were coated with one 
pound of gi-ound Munich Lake B. This gives a sujierficial 
area of say two hundi'ed and eighty square feet, one coat clear 
color and one of color varnish, jDainted with a single pound of 
Lake. Let the sample be placed in sunlight, and there will be 
no difficulty in determining whether or not the work is sohd. 
This would seem to settle the question and leave no room to 
doubt that our superfine colors are just what are required for 
first-class — or for any class work. 

Our Mr. "VVolcott says : These colors should come into 
general use, not only because they are Jiner than any other 
colors, but because they work more freely, flat more perfectly, 
and dry more readily than any others. This judgment he 
renders after having painted two thousand foui* hundred sheets 
— the quantity required for our first edition of five thousand 
copies of this work — equal to an area of about nine thousand 
two hundred square feet. Mr. "VVolcott further says : Not- 
withstanding the fact that the spongy, porous nature of the 
paper renders painting the same much more difficult than over 
the hard, smooth surface of a panel, we can go over a sheet of 
the size named above, biaishiug the color four different Avays 

[Continued on page 99. 



( 96 ) 



EiagMsl Fnirple Lai©, Beep. 

This sample is worked over a ground made five parts of our 
Superfine Ivory Drop Black to one part of our Coach Painters' 
Indian Red. ( As ^ hiji,t, we suggest the substitution of two or 
three parts of our '■^J^erfi^jie T^Fltramarine J^lue for the Black. 
That is, say two part's^ Blue, two parts Black, and one part In- 
dian Red or Tuscan Reel.) ^ 

This Lake is considered by many as the most desirable of all. 
It is much used on bodies, and is generally supposed to be a 
more durable Lake than any other. Its use would have been 
much more general but for the dijSiculty in reducing it to per- 
fect fineness. The use of a single can of our English Purple, 
will convince painters that it is not only groui d fine, but that 
it works well and looks well. 

Eng. Purple Lake (Sup.), in 1 and i fti^caps, ^ lb, - $7.00 

. 1 ' • " " - 7.25 
2 o,z. . '^ ? oz. - 50 
B, deej^ & ex. deep,- iftJ^'i ft cans, 5.00 
B, " " " i " 5.25 

B, " " " 2 oz. " 40 

N. B. — Painters should never use the chamois skin used on 
carriage work for a towel. 



r 



Prepared Especially for poACH and Parriage J^aintei^s, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND PaR '^ORK. 




Purple Lake. 



LEWIS E.WERTHEIIVIBER, 

NEW YORK, 



IMPOETEK OF 



AND 

MATERIALS FOR COACH AND CAR PAINTERS. 

Your attention is called to my 

IPreMcli (Cni-'mme^ Lakes, TermlMoMS, 

AND ALL OTHER TINE COLORS. 
RUBBING AND PUMICE STONE, 

GOLD LEAF AND IMITATION GOLD LEAF, 

BMiii p«w»i», ¥m mmnm, 
Wm. Harland & Son's Varnishes. 

PRICE LISTS ON APPLICATION. 



HOW TO PAINT A flARRIAGE. 99 

before it sets, iind yet we can varnisli over it in from one-half 
an hour to two hoiu-s. After conversing with more than five 
hundred painters as to the cost of grinding colors in the shop 
— the extremes in the estimates given being thirty cents as the 
minimum and one dollar as the maximum average cost for 
labor alone, and a waste of from ten to fifteen per cent. — we 
think we may aver, that our prepared colors, on the score of 
economy alone — to say nothing of all the other advantages — 
are worthy the attention of all who buy and use paint. 



Tflie "Flttmg'' of Yaimfelli. 

There is somewhere a proverb which runneth thus, or 
words to like effect : "To cease to justify one's deeds unto 
one's self is the last infirmity of evil." Coach painters, as a 
rule, are very wise, very learned, and have reasons to account 
for all ordinary and extraordinary phenomena, as " plenty as 
blackberries;" but I ask, in all sincerity, did anybody ever hear 
one — or see anybody who ever did hear one — account for a 
spoiled job by charging it to his own carelessness or neglect ? 
Not that members of our craft are singular in this respect ! All 
men are disposed to "justify themselves;" or, in other words, 
no man will load his own shoulders with blame, if he can with 
any show of reason, shift it so that another back shall bear the 
burden. A dozen painters will at a word give a reason for the 
pitting of Yarnish. But as no two will perhaps agree, each of 
the statements must be taken with a liberal allowance of salt. 
A case in point : a foreman in a first-class city shop was using 

[Continued on page 103. 



( 100 ) 



Emglisli Bcarlet Lat©3 €. 

Painted over a ground of Deep English Vermilion. When 
a brilliant Scarlet Red is required this Lake has no superior. 
It has great body and strength of color. The shade of scarlet 
may be deepened by making the ground- work darker. Scarlet 
Lake B, not shown in the book is lighter than A, and not so 
light as C. 

We have three qualities, which are distinguished by the 
letters A, B and C respectively, the last letter designating the 
best or highest price. These colors are ground the same as 
the Carmine and will dry, thinned with clear turpentine, in 
about half an hour. 



Scarlet Lake, Eng. C 



C^, "^ lb in 1 fc cans, 


- - $6 50 


' " i " - 


- - 6 50 


" " i " - 


- - 6 75 


' 1^ oz. 2oz. " - 


- - 50 


B, 1^ lb in 1 lb " - 


- - 5 50 


" " 1 " 


- - 5 50 


" " i " - 


- - 5 75 


« W oz. 2 oz. 


- - 40 


A, ^ ft in 1 lb 


- - 4 50 


" " 1 " - 


- - 4 50 


U U 1 iC 

4 


- - 4 75 


« ? OZ. 2 oz. 


- - 35 






Prepared Especially for Coach and Carriage Paintei^s, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND pAR ^ORK. 




Scarlet Lake, Light. 



JOHN W. PERKINS & CO., 

PORTLAND, MAINE, 



AND FINE 



Chemicals, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, 



ALSO, A FULL ASSORTMENT OP 



JOHN W. lASUBY'S EEADY-IADE COLOES. 



For all kinds of House Painting, 



AND OF HIS 



Superfine (Colors for (iflioach, (fiiamage and Sleigh fainting. 

These Eeady-Made Coloes have been in use for years, and have in 
every case given entire satisfaction. Buyers are cautioned against imita- 
tions, and requested to see that every package bears our full name, 
" Mastjex ji Whiton, New Yoek," and our copyrighted title, "EailEoad 

CoiiOES. 

A FULr JlSSOBTMEKT of colors, DBT A.ND IX OIL, 
ALWAYS ON II AND. 

102 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 103 

our ground colors. A hundred jobs had been turned out paint- 
ed with these colors, which were in eveiy respect satisfactory. 
One day the first coat of Varnish did not flow smoothly. The 
cause ? Oh ! those ground colors, of course ! Send them back ! 
Don't use any more ! Now, gentle reader, this thing had oc- 
curred in that shop many, many times before, but then there 
were no ground colors to make a scape-goat of. " To cease to 
justify one's deeds unto one's self is the last infirmity of evil." 
A story told many years ago in the Knickerbocker Magazine 
may not be out of place here. It was of an old, ugly, ill-tem- 
pered, cross-grained country village loafer, who was always 
doing some ill-natured thing. It came to the ears of a fond 
paterfamilias that a pet lamb, the object of his pet children's 
affections, had been kicked by this aforesaid ugly customer; 
and, full of indignation, the aggrieved father sought out the 
offender and demanded why and wherefore this assault had 
been made on the unoffending "pet." Ready with a reason, 
the old curmudgeon replied in this wise: " I'll tell why I did it ! 
That lamb tried to bite me, and I'll kick any cussed lamb that tries 
to bite me !" " To cease," &c., but we will not repeat the text 
again. Now, in making the application of this little story, we 
expect to be made the scape-goat of many sins; but we do not 
like to be accused of trying " to bite " anybody. If Varnish, 
previous to the introduction of our Superfine Colors, had not 
been known to have presented a "pitted " surface, it would be fair 
to ascribe to said Colors the unfortunate result; but, as this 
thing has been known as long as Varnish has been used, it would 
be reasonable, at least, to look behind our Colors for the cause. 

[Continued on page 107. 



( 104 ) 



IcsirM Late, E. 



The sample of Scarlet Lake is painted over a ground of our 
Coach Painters' Indian Red. One coat of Lake and one coat of 
color varnish. The color has a strong body and covers well. 
Thinned with clear turpentine, it dries in from one to two 
hours. If you are not pressed for time, a little wearing body- 
varnish, as a binder, may be used with good results, and a very 
little raw oil. The latter, however, must be used with great 
care, as Scarlet Lake is a non-di'yer to the last degree. Other- 
wise this color is to be handled in all respects as Carmine. 



It). 



oz. 

9ny 



ScAKLET Lake, C, in 1 and | lb cans, 
C, k " 

C, 2 oz. " 

B, in 1 and | lb cans, 
B, k " " 

B, 2 oz. " oz. 

A, in 1 and | tb cans, W ft>, 

A, 4 

A, 2 oz. " " 



$6.50 
6.75 

50 
5.50 
5.75 

40 
4.50 
4.75 

35 



N. B. — A continued washing of one's hands in spirits of tur- 
pentine will almost certainly result in stiff joints. 



'guiperime ||(0)l©rs3 



Prepared ^specially for poAcn and Parriage Paintei^s, 

AND PrNAMENTAL AND C^-R ')VoRK. 




Scarlet Lake, Deep. 



i 

210 & 212 Washington Avenue, 
ST. LOTJIS, 

PUTTY, GLASS, BRUSHES, &c. 

PURE WHITE LEAD, 

Of various brands, at Factory Prices. 

Enslisli M American ?araislies. 

A SUPPLY OF 

JOHN W. MASURY'S 

AND OP HIS CELEBRATED 

^up^riitt^ &ol0x^ fox (Rujch ^mtm. 

These Colors, nianufnctured only hy John W. Mastiry, of New York, are 
used on the i>ery best ivorh. done in the United States. 

106 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 107 

AVill those who are so ready to find a place whereon to rest the 
blame of a spoiled job, bear in mind the fact that all our Coach 
Painters' Colors are prepared under the immediate supervision 
of an intelligent man who has had an experience of more than a 
quarter of a century in the paint shop ! It is well to be wise, 
but not good to be wise in one's own conceit ! There are to-day 
hundreds of painters throughout the country using our Super- 
fine Colors. In one or two solitary instances a complaint 
comes that the Varnish " pits" over our Black. Now, as this 
does not happen in the ninety and nine cases, but only in the 
one hundredth, we claim that it is only fair to look for some 
other cause before condemning the Color. It must be kept in 
mind that Coach Painting is an art, and that something more 
is required to perform it satisfactorily than just enough of 
knowledge to mix a cup of color and apply it. Good judgment, 
sound discretion, close observation, no less than a cunning- 
hand, are the sine qua non of success. Every painter, whose 
vision is not limited by the end of his nose, is aware that Var- 
nish is apt to " pit " on a Japan gloss; especially if the color be 
not quite hard. Our Colors are mixed and ground with a pur- 
pose to avoid the use of Japan, in thinning for application. 
Turpentine for thinning, with a little hard-drying, rubbing 
varnish for a binder (and a drop or two of oil, if you please), 
are all that is required. If one vnll use Japan in place of 
varnish, we beg of him to use something which is entitled to 
be called Japan, and not the stuff which is hawked around the 
country under that name, but which would almost thicken tur- 
pentine when mixed with it. 

[Continued on page 111. 



( 108 ) 



(OarmiiiKe Pure, lOc. 4(0, 

Pure French Carmine, of brilliant color and unsurpassed 
strength. The sample on the opposite page is put on over a 
ground of our deep English Vermilion, one coat of clear Car- 
mine, thinned with turpentine, and one coat of color varnish. 
The Carmine coat was dry enough for the color varnish in one 
hour ; but we do not advise working it so quickly, except in 
cases of actual necessity. If not driven, we advise the use of a 
small quantity of raw oil, which gives more time to work, and, 
therefore, ensures a more perfect solidity. We have found a 
first-rate wearing body-varnish best for glazing Carmine jobs. 
The use of a small quantity of our Indian Red or Tuscan Red 
with the Vermilhon, for ground-work, makes it much easier to 
cover with Carmine. 

For this color, as for all other transparent colors, use no 
other brush than that known among painters as flat camel's hair, 
but to the brush trade as ^.palters. 

Bear in mind the fact that all our colors are perfectly pure 
and of the best quality. 



Pkice of Carmine in 1 and | lb. cans, - - $11.00 

i " - - 11.50 

" " PEE OUNCE, 2 oz., - - 75 



J^MM W^ Mm&wmr^B 



(^ 



.^luperllme ^olor^ 



J^REPARED ^SPECIALLY FOR j^OACH AND pARRIAGE PaINTEI^S, 
AND QrNAMENTAL AND QaR WoRK. 



'^r-»m. 




Pure No. 40 Carmine, Deep. 



JOHN H. BAILEY. GEO. W. XOBK. 

Manufacturers of Carriages and Sleighs, 

Nos. 41, 43 & 45 BOWKER STREET, 

Boston, FeVy 2, 1871. 
I have used the "Ground Paints," manufactured by John W. 
Masury, of New York, and shall continue to do so as long as I can 
get them — that I consider them the finest, purest, and best material 
ever used in a paint shop. 

FRED. J. GEEENE, Painter, 

With Bailey & Yokk. 



Boston, FeVy 3, 1871. 
J. W. Masuky, New York. 

Bear Sir: — Some eight months ago we adopted the use of your 
•' Suj)erfine Colors," and the frequency of our orders must convince 
you of the high estimation in which we hold them. They never 
come short of all that is claimed for them, and with us they have 
been a perfect success. Very truly yours, 

D. P. NICHOLS & CO. 



Boston, Feh\j 3, 1871. 
J. W. Masuky, New York. 

Dear Sir : — Your " Superfine Ground Colors " have been used in 
my shop for some six months, and have given the best of satisfaction 
to myself, and also to my painters. 

Very respectfully, CHAUNCY THOMAS. 

I cheerfully indorse the above. 

Leonaed B. Nichols, 
Foreman Painter. 

110 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. Ill 

Let us enforce, by a few words, a wise injunction, the re- 
sult of inspii'ed wisdom. " Be not wise above what is written." 
Every man is supposed to be the best authority as to how to 
mix and thin colors which he has himself manufactured from 
the beginning. We rightly, we think, claim the same authority 
respecting the Colors which have been mixed and ground by 
" us. We have jDut all these colors to actual test — witness, our 
Sample Cards — and we write what we have found out by actual 
experience. In the painting of four thousand sheets, including 
all the Colors, there was not a single instance where the var- 
nish did not flow smoothly. So, we think we have the right to 
suggest that the best results may be produced by following our 
written suggestion, rather than by being " wise above what is 
wi-itten." 



Trials ami Bifficmlties, 

The introduction of a new article — or an old one iu a new 
form — is under the most favorable circumstances attended with 
many difficulties. Not only are there the prejudices even of the 
skillful and honest workman to contend with, but the besotted 
prejudices of the ignorant and stubborn; as, also, the "tricks 
of the trade," which unscrupulous salesmen know too well how 
to use to give a bad name to goods with which they cannot suc- 
cessfully compete in honest and fair competition; to say nothing 
of "the ways that are dark" among the very men of all others who 
would be supposed to encourage any improvement which would 

[Continued on page 115. 



( 112 ) 



Pmre Mo, 40 (CarmiMe, JLigM. i 

This color is put on over a groundwork of John W. , j 
Masury's English, Pure, Dark Vermilion. One coat of the 1 
Carmine, thinned Avith clear turpentine, and one coat of Color 
Varnish. 

This Carmine, when thinned with clear turpentine, will 
dry ready for varnish in one hour in a warm room — that is, in 
a room heated to about seventy degrees Fahrenheit. If there 
be no great hurry for the job, the use of a small quantity of raw 
oil is recommended, as the same will make the color work more 
freely, and, by giving more time, does not drive the workman 
to such an extent. A first quality wearing body varnish is best 
for glazing Carmine jobs. The addition of a proportion of our 
"Coach Painters' Indian Red" — say, one part of Red to two of 
Vermilion, for the groundwork — will make it easier for the 
painter to produce a solid, well-covered job. 

For applying this, as for all transparent dolors, use nothing 
but what are known among painters as flat camel-hair brushes. 
These are known in the brush trade as camel-hair spalters. 



fme \ 



i 

J^REPARED ^SPECIALLY FOR pOACH AND pARRIAGE J^AINTEI^S, 
AND PrNAMENTAL AND PaR '^ORK. 




Pure No. 40 Carmine, Light. 



OLID noTTSEi o:f bir,e!^v^st:e:r. 



ESTABLISHED 



Bridgeport, May 1, 1870. 

This is to certify, that, having used Mr. John W. Masury's 
(successor to Masury & Whiton) "Fine Ground Colors," I find 
them superior to anything ever used, in every respect. 

P. MUNDRY, 

Ornamental Painter of Housatonic R. E. Co. 



63 East 23TH Street, 
New York. 

100 lb. Wagons, Demi-Landau, Derby Wagons, 3 styles. 

ALL THE OEDINART STYLES CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 

All Wagons are made with our Vertical Steel Flates, combining the Greatest 
Strength with the Least Weight. 

65 East lUh St., New York, FeVy 8, 1871. 
J. W. Masuky, Esq., Ill Fulton St., N. Y. 

Dear Sir: — We have used your "Superfine Ground Colors" for 
some time past, and can cheerfully recommend them as first-class in 
every particular. Very respectfully yours, 

J. B. BEEWSTER & CO., 

65 East 25th St. 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 115 

seem to lessen tlie drudgery of their daily occupations. Illus- 
trative of the last named difficulty, let us give a case in point. 
The foreman of one of our city shops after using our Ground 
Colors for months with entire satisfaction and written com- 
mendation, all at once discovered that he could not use them 
more, because the varnish "pitted" over the black; which cer- 
tainly were "pity, if 'twere true." Thinking to overcome the 
difficulty^ — not at first seeing the " cuUered pussun in the fence" 
— we called upon the disaffected one, and proposed to try the 
Black then and there, and wait the. drying and see with our 
own eyes this most wonderful phenomenon. Curious to relate, 
there was nothing just then which could, by any possibility, be 
used to make the test. Mirabile dictu ! Not a gig-lamp even ! 
Not a spoke, old or new, which would bear a coat of Black; and 
the innocent could not even hazard a guess as to when there 
would probably be any work ready for a coat of Black. As a 
last resort, we begged a small vial full of this varnish which be- 
haved in such a pitiful manner, only when covering a coat of our 
Superfine Ivory Jet Black. Thankful for this, we went home 
and proceeded to coat, with some of the identical Color, four 
spokes; which were finished in black and varnished more than 
a year before. This was completed just at night-fall, and the 
next morning we apphed to spoke number one, which pre- 
sented a surface smooth as enamel, a coat of the aforesaid 
varnish. To spoke number two, we applied a coat of the 
same varnish, mixed with the color. To number three we 
gave a coat of the same varnish mixed with two other varnishes, 
one of which was a hard-polishing, and the other a very elastic 

[Continued on page 119. 



( 116 ) 



MasMFy's lew (S-reen. 

This pure, brilliant and permanent light green seems to. 
supply a want which has long existed, viz. : a green which should 
possess the durability and non-fading properties of the so-called 
Paris or Emerald Green — with the brilliance and pure tone 
which no other green gives — and at the same time admit of 
being ground to that perfect fineness indispensable to the best 
carriage work, without losing color. In the belief that our New 
Green does possess all these good qualities, we offer it as a not 
expensive substitute for all the Ught greens used in coach 
painting. The sample on opposite page was put on over a 
ground of our Coach Painter's Green, light, mix 3d with enough 
white to produce a tone of color most like the pure green pos- 
sible. Two coats of pure green, mixed mostly with turpentine 
(a little good rubbing varnish added to make the color flow 
well) were put on over the coat of body green. This green 
works as well in t^^e bmsh as any color and dries for varnish 
in a few hours. 

In assorted cans, one pound and upward, "W ft», 75 cts. 



J^'repared ^specially for Coach and Parriage Paintei^s, 
AND Ornamental and Car ^ork. 




Masury's New Green. 



Boston, Feb't/ Isi, 1871. 
Mr. J. W. Masuky. 

Dear Sir : — Having sold your " Fine Colors " for the past three 
months, we find the demand for them constantly increasing, and we 
are happy to add that wherever they have been used they have given 
perfect satisfaction. Yours, very truly, 

WADSWOETH, ROWLAND & CO. 



Buffalo, Sept. 19, 1870. 
Messrs. Mastjry & Whiton. 

Gentlemen : — We take pleasure in stating that we have been using 
your "Superfine Ground Colors " for the past six months, and find 
them all they are represented to be. They are ground very much 
finer than we can grind them, work easy, flat and dry well; and we 
find them to be much cheaper than dry colors, waste and labor of 
grinding added. We most cheerfully recommend them to all car- 
riage makers, as cheap, reliable, and just what is wanted. 

Yours, truly, HAEVEY & WALLACE. 

J. C. Snydek. 

Amesbury, Mass., FeVy 7, 1871. 
J. W. Masuby, New York. 

Bear Sir : — We, the undersigned, carriage manufacturers of Ames- 
bury, after using your "Superfine Ground Colors" for a sufficient 
length of time to determine as to their merits, do now freely testify 
that we consider them unequalled for fineness, drying, and working 
qualities, and believe them to be the most economical paints ever 
put upon the market. Wishing you the success which your efforts 
so richly deserve. 

We remain very truly yours, 

E. S. FELCH. 

CHESWELL & BOAEDMAN, 
C. W. PATTEN, 
HUME & MOEEILL, 

E. F. BEIGG8, 

F. B. PAEEY, 

J. E. HUNTINGTON, 

S. & C. EOWELL, 

CAEE & ALLEN, 

A. M. WATEEHOUSE, West Amesbury. 

118 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 119 

varnish. With number four we made another most severe 
test. In every case the result was a surface as smooth — aye, 
smoother than the most highly polished plate glass. " Was it 
not pitiful ?" We then concluded that Ah Sin had " been seen," 
as the politicians put it; or, that he wished to be "at the game 
he did not understand!" 



How to msifee tli© Ibest Jolb m Elaci. 

A pure Black is, in theory, the absence of all the primary 
colors and of the extreme color. White. The presence of any 
one of these detracts from the entireness of black. So, when 
black is viewed through any colored medium it ceases to be 
pure black, and assumes that tone of color which would result 
from mixing the color of the medium with the black. For ex- 
ample: Black, when viewed through a medium of yellowish 
varnish, reflects, however slightly, a greenish hue ; and the 
greater the number of coats of clear varnish, the greater will 
be the detraction from the purity of the black ! So with white ! 
A single thin coat of the palest varnish over a coat of pure 
white detracts slightly from its purity. But successive coats, 
of the most colorless varnish, destroy the whiteness, and the 
surface reflects more or less of impure yellowish light. The 
same may be said of all the primary and secondary colors. 
Some of the mixed and broken colors would be improved, on 
the contrary, by a coating of a yellowish translucent medium ; 
as, yellow lake over drab or over a mixed green. (See colored 

[ Continued on page 122. 



( 120 ) 



Beep &©©ii. 

The sample on the opposite page shows one of the colors 
which can be produced only in the paint shop, and in the pro- 
gress of the work of painting. Any tone of this color may be 
produced by mixing together Prussian Blue and Yellow Lake, 
and adding a small quantity of Lemon Chrome Yellow. The 
ground should be prepared thus : With Prussian Blue and 
Chrome Yellow make the ground as near the tone of color you 
desire to finish as possible. Put into the first coat of rubbing 
varnish a Uttle Yellow Lake — say, two spoonfuUs of Lake to a 
cup of varnish. In thus proceeding you get a green of depth 
and richness which can be obtained in no other way. To satisfy 
any of this, let the sample be held in the sunshine. 



In case any one of our ground colors should be found too 
thick to incorporate readily with the thinning, it may be run 
loosely through the mill so as to mix it perfectly. A cupful may 
be run through in a few minutes. We purpose to have all our 
colors of such a consistency as to admit of thinning readily, but 
mistakes will sometimes occur. 









\ 




J^REPARED ^SPECIALLY FOR pOACH AND pARRIAGE J^AINTEI^S, 
• AND pRNAMENTAL AND pAR '^ORK. 






1 








Very Deep Green. 


• 













122 HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 

examples on pages 77 and 123. ) In avoidance of these accidents, 
and in order to secure the best results possible in carriage 
painting, we suggest the application of only one coat of clear 
varnish, and that, of course, the last one. We believe the best 
work turned out of any city establishment is finished without a 
single coat of clear color (we speak now more particularly of 
glazing jobs), and with but one coat of clear varnish. In 
carmine and the lakes, the first coat on the ground is put on in 
varnish, and every coat of varnish up to the last is colored. 
In this way a depth of color is obtained which can be had by 
no other process. It should be borne in mind that the opaque, 
or body colors do not compare in beauty and brilliancy with 
the transparent colors ! And, as a rule, the colors are beautiful 
in proportion as they are transparent. For examples : ultra- 
marine blue, carmine, emerald green, scarlet and crimson lakes, 
&c. All are familiar with the beautiful colors reflected from 
the vases placed in the Avindows of apothecary shops. This 
results from the depth of colored fluid. A thin, flat glass vessel 
would not reflect such hues, though filled with the same sub- 
stance. The principle is the same in carriage painting! To 
show the best possible colors, the light must be reflected, not 
from a flat, opaque surface, but from a surface which has be- 
neath it, a depth of continuous colored particles reaching away 
down through the successive coats of varnish to the ground- 
work. To be sure, this mode of proceeding is expensive, both 
in labor and material ! but who ever- gained any good thing 
without working for it ? Black should be put on one coat of 
clear flat color; after that, every coat of varnish should contain 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 123 

more or less of the same black as used for the first coat, up to 
the finishing- coat, which should be clear varnish. In this mode 
the black holds its color, and does not take on the greenish tinge, 
which otherwise it is impossible to avoid. All work, of course, 
is good or bad only by comparison. Any carriage is black 
enough in a dark night ! and almost any tolerably good black 
looks well enough when viewed per se. It is only when placed 
in comj)arison with the best, that its inferiority is apparent; and 
men who strive to excel in their productions are not content to 
occupy inferior positions in any particular. " Excelsior " is a 
good motto for coach painters ! 



Waste of Faints tlromgli legMgemee imi 

IgMOMlKE©* 

The money value of paint wasted in this country is enor- 
mous. Greater, perhaps, than in all the world beside. Our 
reckless prodigality, in a certain way, is only equalled by our 
absurd attempts at economy. For example : A painter will 
sometimes spend the time' and exertion necessary to walk a 
mile, all for the purpose of purchasing a can of paint a shilling 
less than he can buy it for under his very nose; and then neg- 
lect the proper precaution and preventive to waste, by omitting 
to cover up and take care of whatever paint may be remaining 
after the job is finished. Now, a quarter part of the time 
and labor necessarily expended in saving the shilling, devoted 
to care and cleanliness, would have resulted in the saving of 



124 



HOW TO PAINT A CAKKIAGE. 



twice that amount. Another absurdity ! a slavish devotion to 
names. When will men learn that two things are not necessarily 
the same, because they may be called by similar names ? Take, 
for example, the greens used in carriage painting. These are 
either chrome or copper greens, and are briefly described in 
the foregoing pages. The body greens are chrome colors, and the 
diaphanous greens ''^'f copper colovg. as a rule. Chrome Green, 
when pure, is of a denne body (almost, in thi ; respect, rivaling 
lampblack), and covers and conceals all it touches, whether 
white or black. A fair selling price of this pure green, dry, 
would be about eighty cents per pound to consumers, and at this 
price it would be the cheapest green attainable. Yet the proba- 
bilities are, that a pound of this color, under its own proper 
name, cannot be found in any carriage shop in the United 
States. What, then, do we buy ? Listen ! The so-called 
" chrome green" of commerce is simply an earthy base — silica, 
sulphate of baryta, or carbonate of lime, colored with chrome 
green, in proportions varying from (the best), say, one pound of 
color to five pound, of the base, to one pound of color and two 
hundred pounds of the base; and all is sold as chrome green, 
Now, this earthy b{ '«, which is transparant when mixed in oils, 
adds to the value o. ^^aint in thj same La<x-^j.3r and degree as 
watering milk, sanding sugar, or mixing shoddy with wool in 
the production of cloth adds to the value of these articles 
respectively. What the painter requires is color, not sand ! 
And, considering that he has to pay vastly more for the color 
he buys when mixed with the sand, it would seem not to 
require a very elaborate argument to convince the dullest com- 

[Continued on page 126. 



f'REPARED ^SPECIALLY FOR pOACH AND pARRIAGE j^AINTEI^S, 
AND pRNAMENTAL AND pAR "JVORK. 














■"■ 






Car Body Color, Extra. 



126 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 



prehension that, for the consumer, pure colors are the cheapest. 
Some idea of the coloring property or power of real chrome 
green may be had by reflecting on the fact, that a single pound 
of it will impart its tone of color to a hundred pounds of a glassy 
translucent substance, causing it, in the mass, to resemble the 
pure green itself. I say " in the mass," for when this pretended 
green paint is spread upon a piece of glass and viewed through 
a microscope, or magnifying glass, it presents the appearance of 
vitrous minute grains, with a speck of color here and there, like 
small sea-birds scattered along a sandy beach. That a painter 
had better buy the color unmixed with the sand would seem a 
self-evident proposition. 

We looked into a paint shop not long ago and espied a 
can, with our label on it, signifying that it (the can) did contain, 
or had contained, ivory black in Japan. It was uncovered and 
exposed to the dust, dirt arui di-ying influences of a warm shop. 
We looked into it and found it contained about two-thirds of 
its original contents; but of its original value not a fifteenth 
part was there. One after another of the hands, in want of a 
little black, had dipped into it with palette knife, and the deep 
pits, or holes, were left, unfilled, to dry around the sides, and 
thus waste the material in the speediest possible manner. We 
asked the foreman how he was suited with our goods. " Oh ! " 
said he, "the black is first rate, but it dries up so!" We 
thought, if it did not dry under such treatment as that, it 
would well deserve any amount of maledictions. 

The utmost care and attention and tlie most scrupidous cleanliness 
are indispensable to economy and good results in the Carriage Paint 
Shop. 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 127 

Iywj Bwrfsim Eiiamei Wltalte* 

The introduction of our New White leads to a new system 
of painting, the inauguration of which may not prove of special 
benefit to those of the Trade whose apprenticeship to the busi- 
ness has been in propelling the ladder-cart or turning the crank. 
The new system does certainly require skill, judgment and taste. 
Therefore let no "dauber" attempt it, because his failure will be 
complete. 'Tis true, a plain white flat job can be as easily exe- 
cuted with our New White as in the ordinary way; as can also a 
job of gloss work. Indeed, for gloss woi'k, it is as much ahead of 
the zinc white and Demar gloss as best English coach varnish is 
superior to rosin varnish; but, to finish a job which shall show 
out in full perfection all that the new system is capable of, re- 
quires a skillful and finished workman. The objection we anti- 
cipate, on the part of painters, is, that a job once done in the 
new way will not require renewing short of twenty years. That 
objection, however, if it be an objection, is inherent in the sys- 
tem, and inseparable from it. 

Gloss finish is not objectionable per se, and would not have 
fallen into disfavor, only that there was no way of doing it so as 
to make a job in any wise jDerfect. The ordinary mode of finish- 
ing such work — that is, by mixing a portion of zinc in Demar 
varnish — was not attended with satisfactory results. The varnish 
always dried with a tack, which remained for a long time ; and 
when it hardened so as not to be sticky, it was liable to crack 
in all directions. The difficulty of making the work look solid, 
the disagreeable working quality of Demar, its liability to run, 



128 



HOW TO PAINT A CABKIAGE. 



and the cheap-looking gloss which the surface presents, all have 
served to render it unpopular, not only among the Trade, but 
with householders generally. The New White has entirely dif- 
ferent qualities, and works and finishes altogether differently. 
It makes sohd work, dries as free from tack as French porcelain, 
yet is elastic and wearing to the last degree. It is suitable for 
outside work — as stages, wagons, cars, etc. The finishing or 
varnish coat does not require any preparation of material, the 
same being of a proper consistency to apply, without thinning 
or other manipulation, except, when the package has been for a 
long time at rest, to stir or shake until the whole is of the same 
consistency. For steamboat, house and other inside new work 
the following mode of operation is recommended : 

First give the work a coat of shellac varnish. Make this 
of bleached shellac and alcohol, in proportion of two pounds of 
shellac to one gallon of alcohol, which must be what is known 
as ninety-five per cent, alcohol; because, if of less strength, it 
wiU not dissolve the gum. Then apply a coat of pure white lead, 
mixed in the ordinary way. Let this coat be a heavy one, and 
be sure that the lead is pure. Let this get thoroughly dry ; 
then sandpaper, and apply another coat of shellac varnish. 
Now, if you propose to produce a gloss finish with as little ex- 
penditure of time and material as possible, proceed in this wise : 
On the second coat of shellac varnish put a good, free-working, 
flowing coat of piire white lead. (If the work is to be finished 
in colors, this coat should be tinted to as near the finishing color 
as possible; and our best ground colors wiU be found cheapest 
for this purpose.) Supposing the job in question to be finished 



HOW TO PAINT A CAREIAGE. 129 

in white, you will mix the coat just mentioned in as little oil as 
possible, but enough to make it dry with a half gloss. When 
thoroughly dry, sandpaper weU and give a coat of New White 
thinned with turpentine. This coat wants to flow well, and as 
much paint should be put upon the work as will stay there 
without running. This should stand a day or two to harden, 
and the finish or gloss coat should be applied under the same 
directions as given for the preceding coat. After one night the 
work win be fit to use. 

Going back to the work as it stood with the second coat of 
shellac varnish, and supposing it to be the intention to finish 
with a perfect sui-face, after the style of coach panels, the mode 
of proceeding will be as follows : On the varnished surface put 
a heavy coat of our prepared rough-stuff, which is white (and 
which, if required, may be colored or shaded to suit the pro- 
posed finish color). This should stand one or, better, two days, 
before the second coat, which should stand three days before 
smoothing, which should be carefully performed with lump 
pumice stone for flat places, and good No. 2 sandpaper for beads 
and mouldings, and care must be taken not to rub off the cor- 
ners and high places. Use plenty of water in the pumicing and 
keep the corners of the stone well filed. The rubbing should, of 
course, be followed by a thorough washing in clean cold water, 
the corners well cleaned out with a water brush, and when dry 
the surface will be ready for the coat preceding the gloss. From 
this to the finish the process will be the same as before described. 
If, after a day or two, there shaU not appear to be sufficient gloss 
to suit, an extra coat of gloss may be put on; but to make a 



130 



HOW TO PAINT A CARRIAGE. 



first-class job the gloss on the previous coat should be rubbed off 
with finely ground pumice stone and water. By following the 
above directions, a job may be done which will last almost a life- 
time. There will be neither tack nor crack. The material is 
sufiiciently elastic for outside work, and hard-drying enough for 
work which is to be handled inside. For work in parti-colors, 
the most beautiful results may be produced by the adoption of 
the new ]3roeess. It should be borne in mind that only our 
coach painters' colors are suited for making tints in this style 
of painting; common oil colors will not do. 

And now our little book has reached its allotted limit, and 
must come to an end. "With thanks to those who have pa- 
tiently read what we have written, hoping all may have found 
some instruction in its pages, asking due acknowledgement of 
its merits, if it have any, and leniency in judging its short- 
comings and defects, we bid you all, readers, a respectful 
G-ood-bye ! 



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